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Ukuphatha kahle umshini wokufaka amasonto kuyisisekelo sokuthi abakwenziwe bakwazi ukugcina izintandokazi zabo ngokupheleleyo futhi bafike emva kweminyaka yabo ngokupheleleyo. Umshini wokufaka amasonto owaphathelwe kahle uyathumela isiphumo esifanayo, uyancima ukungafiki kwezinye izinsuku, futhi uyabuyisa ubude bekho lokusebenza komshini wokufaka amasonto owanele ukuthi wasebenze kahle. Abakwenziwe abazi izinkantolo zokubona nokuphatha umshini wokufaka amasonto bangena emaphazimboni amakhulu futhi bakholela ukusebenza kahle kuzo zonke izinsuku zokusebenza.
Umshini wokufaka amasonto wonke ephansi kwesikhundla sokusebenza kuyisiphiwo esikhulu sokuthi sibonelela, futhi ukuphatha kahle oku kuyidinga ukuthi siyabona ngokupheleleyo izindlela zokuphatha. Abakwenziwe nabasebenzi bomshini wokufaka amasonto kufanele badebele isimo sokubona ngokupheleleyo ukuze bakholele izinkinga ezinokuthi zibe yizinkinga ezingcono. Ukuzwa ukuthi kufanele bubenze nini, ukuthi kufanele bubenze ngokupheleleyo izinto eziningi zomshini wokufaka amasonto, futhi ukuthi kufanele bavakashele ukusebenza kwezindawo zokuphatha kuyisisekelo sokuthi umshini wokufaka amasonto uyasebenza kahle futhi uyabuyisa isiphumo esikhulu sokuthi sibenele.
Ukukhokha kwe-Engine ne-System Yokufaka Isilwane
Ukukhokha Kuphela Kwemotora
Umotora uyindlela yezinye zezindawo zokusebenza, futhi ukukhokha kahle kwale qembu kuyisisekelo sokugcina ukusebenza kahle. Abakhi baya kubhekisa ubude bewateri wemotora ngaphambi kokusebenza ngalunye usuku, futhi baya kuguqula iwateri ngokulandela amasimo ayo wabaphambili, okuhlelwa ngokuvamile ngamahora angu-200 ku-500. Umotora wemashini yokubhala isibhakabhaka esebenza ngewateri emhlophe, noma esihlelwe kahle, uyasebenza kahle futhi uyaphila kancane kakhulu. Ukuchaza iwateri kungakhumbula izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuphila kwezinto, kusiza abakhi ukuziphatha ngokuphambili ngemibono yezinkinga zemotora, akasivumeli ukuziphatha ngokushesha.
Ukusebenzisa isifilthra sesinye kuyisisekelo esibalulekile kusukela ukuthi isifilthra esibhacayi sikhupha umoya owenziweyo ekhambini yokuburna futhi sibeka ubuncinane be-efishensi yomoto. Abakhi baya kubheka isifilthra sesinye ngokuphakeme kanye nokubuyisela lapho kubonwa ukuthi kubhacayi ngamandla, okuhlelwa ngokuvamile ngemizuzwana yezikhathi zokusebenza eziyisigaba se-100 ku-200 kusukela eminyakeni yezindawo. Izindawo zokusebenza ezinamandla kungabiza ukuthi kufanele isifilthra sesinye sibuyiselwe ngokuphakeme kusukela kumashini yokubhaca. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubheka isifilthra semoto siyakuvikela ukuthi amasimbi asingavikela amaphutha amahle asebenzayo noma iphumpa yemoto, abafanayo nabafanayo kusukela ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi umshini wokubhaca uqhubekise ngokuphakeme.
Ukubheka Kwesistimu Yokuchitha
Isisistemi sokukhishwa kwe-mashini yokuphakama kusinda ukuthi umoto uzwele ngokuphakeme kakhulu ngeminyaka eyadlula, ikakhulukazi ngemvula emhlophe noma ngemiphumela yezinkinga zokusebenza. Abakhi baya kufuna ukubheka imilinganisi yamandla okukhishwa ngokuphathelene nokuzwela, futhi baya kubheka ukuthi imilinganisi yamandla okukhishwa iyafanana nezidingo zabasebenzisi, okunjalo isilinganiso sesikhathi sobili sokugcina amandla okukhishwa nesilwane. Ukungabi nemandla okukhishwa okuningi noma ukuthi amandla okukhishwa ayabonakala akhona kungasiza ukuthi umoto uzwele ngokuphakeme kakhulu, okuyenza umoto udlule, futhi kubangela ukuthi izindaba zokuphakama zizwele. Izihlangothi zokugxilwa kufanele zibhekwe ukubona ukuthi kunezifutha noma izihlangothi zizwele, futhi isikhumba sokukhishwa kufanele sibe silungile futhi sisekho kwezinto ezingavumelekile ukuthi sibone isilinganiso sokukhishwa kwe-mashini yokuphakama.
Isisistemi sokugxila nesiqondiso sezindawo zokusebenza
Ukubheka kwezindawo zokugxila nokubheka kwezifiltre
Isisistimu sesihambo sisebenzisa izinkomba ezibalulekile kumashini yokuphakama, kubantu ukuthi isikrithi siphakamise, ukukhishwa kwesikhumba, nokusebenza kwemithambo yokuqinisa. Abaprofeshinali baya kubheka ubude bewateru wesihlombe ngemva yezinsuku zonke zokusebenza futhi baya kubuyisa wateru kusilinganiso esilungileyo esibhalwe kusighazi sokubona noma kusiresivoyi. Umashini wokuphakama ongena kumathuba amancane we-wateru wasebenza ngendlela engeyona yobuhle futhi ungalwazi ukuthi kufanele kubuyiselwe kusilinganiso esilungileyo. I-wateru yesihlombe kufanele ibuyiselwe ngokulandela izikhedhuli zomthwala, okanye ngokuvamile ngemva kwe-1,000 kuze kube 2,000 amahora okusebenza, ngoba i-wateru ephansi kwezinkinga iyahlula ukuthi inikeza ukulondoloza nokusebenza kahle.
Amaphiltara ase-hidroliku kwezinhloso zokufaka amashele aphatha amasimbi okungahlinzeki okungakwazi ukuvinjwa izihluzi, izilindela nezivalo zokuhlanza. Abaprofayili baya kubona ngokomlando isimo samaphiltara ngokuphathelene nesikhathi eside futhi bavule amaphiltara kabusha ngaphambi kokuba bafike ekugcwalisweni kwabo kakhulu, nakuba isimali sokukhomba kwezinhloso ayikhozanga kusuka kusuka. Amaphiltara afunywe angaphansi kokuvula kwezinhloso zokufaka amashele futhi angabeka ipresha yezinhloso kude kakhulu, okuyibeka emthwakathwakeni yezinhloso zokufaka amashele zonke. Abaprofayili abaningi baya kuchaza umsindo wamafliyudi okuvulwa ukuze bafunde amasimbi okuvinjwa kwanoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi bavule isikhathi sokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba kubhekwe ukuvinjwa okukhulu.
Ukubona kwezihluzi nezihose
Umpumpu wemithambo yamandla uyagcina amandla we-engine kumfushane ophakathi kwemithambo, okuyisikwele esiyisebenzisa zonke izinkaliso zemithambo yamandla emashini yokuphakama. Abaprofeshonal abasebenzisa imishini kufanele bakhalele ukuthi kukho umsho wokugqoka okungasemthwakweni wempumpu futhi bahlapele ukuthi kukho amafutha amandla okukhala kuzo zizikhumba zempumpu noma kuzo zizihlanganiso. Imashini yokuphakama enomsho wokugqoka noma enamafutha ayisikwele kufanele ibhekwe ngokushesha ngumprofeshonal ukuze isindiswe ukungafani kwe-mithambo yamandla ngokuphelele. Amahose kuzo zonke izinkaliso zemithambo yamandla emashini yokuphakama kufanele zibhekwe ukuthi zinamaphakathi, amabhulji noma amafutha kuzo zizihlanganiso. Amahose athi aphakathi kakhulu ayadlula ngokuphelele, futhi abaprofeshonal abasebenzisa imishini kufanele bazilisha kabefore zibhurste ngokusebenza, okungakwazi ukuthi imashini yokuphakama iyisindiswa futhi iyakwakha izinkinga zokuphepha kusendaweni yokusebenza.
Amapharti amathuba nezinkaliso zokubhala
Ukubheka kwe-Screed ne-Augur
Isikrīd yilungiselelo lesikhumba esilungise nokugcina isiphakathi sesifunda, futhi ubukhulu bakho buya kubandakanya ubukhulu nobuhle bokulungiselela. Abathengisi baya kufuna ukuzibona ngokuphelele isikrīd ukuzibona ukuthi kuyisikhathi, ukuzibona ukuthi kunezinhlobo zokubendisa noma ukuthi kuyaphakanyiswa okungahleli kusuka kubonakala kwezinye izindawo. Isikrīd sesikhumba sokulungiselela esinezinye izihlangothi eziyadlula noma ezinamaphakathi angavumelekile kufanele abekeleke noma abuyise ukubuyisa ukuthi kubhekwe ubukhulu besikhumba nokubuyisa ubuhle bokulungiselela. Izihlangothi zesikrīd kufanele zizimele ukuthi zibe nesilinganiso esifanele sokuchaza isikhathi, okusiza ukuthi sikhulule ukuthi isifunda sibambiswe noma sithuthukise ubuhle bokulungiselela ngokusebenza kwesikhumba sokulungiselela.
Amagugwana ayahambisa i-asphalt kusuka kwehopper ku-screed ngokubanzi konke kwehamba lepaving machine, futhi amagugwana okungabi nayo nokuba ayaphakanyiswa kwenza ukuthi isithunzi sasphalt siyakhweleka ngokungafanele. Abaprojekthi baya kubheka amagugwana ngokubona ngokuphelele emva kokubhekwa kweminyaka yabo futhi bayabuyisela uma bavona ukuthi banezinkinga zokusebenza noma izinkinga zokuhlehlwa. Umagugwana wepaving machine osebenzisa ngokungafanele kwenza ukuthi ubukhulu be-asphalt buyakhweleka ngokungafanele, okuyikhipha ukuthi ipavement eshiywe ibe yinkambo yokudura. Ukubuyisela nokuzihambisana kwe-screed nezinqakatho zamagugwana kuvumela ukuthi ipaving machine isebenze ngokufanele futhi kunciphisa isivumelwano sokuthi kubhekwe imikhakha eminingi kwezindlela zokusebenza.
Ukubheka Kwezimo Zemithi Neziphakathi
Amathire nezithuthi zemashini yokuphakama kufanele zibe nesibonelo sokubona ngokuphelele nokuthi zibe nzima ukuze zihambisane ngokuphelele kwezindawo zokusebenza futhi ngokuvamile. Abasebenzi bafanele bakhangise ipresha yamathire ngokuphakeme kwezinhlobo zemashini yokuphakama ezinamathire, futhi bakhangise ukuthi kunezincwadi, izihlangothi, noma ukuthi kuzoba kuncane kakhulu. Amathire okungabhalwa ngokuphelele ayaphula ukuthenga kwemoto futhi kungahleli umshini wokuphakama ukuthi aqonde emlandweni, okukhomba ukuthi ukuphakama akuyiyo ngokuphelele futhi akuyiyo ngokuvamile. Kwezinhlobo zemashini yokuphakama ezenzithuthi, abasebenzi bafanele bakhangise ukuthi izithuthi zibe nzima futhi zibe phakathi kwezinye, bahlale bengiliza izimiso eziningi futhi bahlale bazingiliza ukuthi kunezithuthi ezihlukene okuhleli ukuthi kunezinkinga zokuphakathi kwezinye okufanele kuzikwenziwe ngabantu abaqinisekile.
Isistimu yesilungu nesikhondlo sokuvikela
Ukukhangisa umbhali wesilungu nesizinda
Isisistimu sesilungu esebenzisa imoto yokuqubha, ukuvula kwe-ignition, amalight, nokuthi kususelela izisensor zokuphepha isikhundla sokusebenza kwemithombo. Abakwazi bakufuna ukuthi izihlangothi zembheteri zibe nzima nokungabi nesibhaco, ngoba izihlangothi ezinamabhaco zingakhulisa ukuvula kwe-paving machine ngokuphelele. Kufanele ukubheteri kube kuchazwa ngokuphelele, ikakhulu ekuseni kokuphela kwesihlengi, ngoba umbheteri owanamuhla uyaphila ukuphepha kwe-paving machine futhi uyabeka uphindelelo olukhulu kwe-starter. Konke okubonwa kwezinhlobo zezihlangothi kufanele kuzolwaziwa ukuthi kunezinkinga, izihlangothi ezingaqondi, noma izihlangothi ezingasemthambeni ozokwenza izinkinga zokuphepha noma ukuthi kuzobhekwa ukungasebenzi kwezinye izinto zesilungu ngczasana kwe-paving machine.
Ukuzolwazi kwezinkambo zokuphepha
Izimodeli zezinkambo zokuphakama kwezintsha zinakho izilungiselelo zokuvikela nokubeka izibhokisi zokuvikela ngokushesha okuzimele ukuvikela abasebenzisi nababili. Abakhi baya kufunda izibhokisi zokuvikela ngokushesha nezinhlangano zokubiza ngokushesha ngokuphakade ukuze zibe yisifundo esihle. Amalight, amabhuzi okubuyela emuva, nezindikayitha zokuvikela kwezinkambo zokuphakama kufanele zisebenze njengoba zizimele ukusetyenziswa ukuthi isikhathi sokusebenza sibe salwa. Izinkambo zokuphakama ezingasenza isebenza kwezilungiselelo zokuvikela ziyakha ubukhulu bokuvikela kwezomthwana futhi ziyakha isibopho esingahlanganisi, okwenza ukuthi ukuvikela kwezilungiselelo zokuvikela kuyisibopho esibalulekile sokulungisa izinkambo okungafuneki ukuba abakhi bavale.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Kuphi kakhulu kufanele ukulungiswa kwezinkambo zokuphakama?
Isikampani sokuphakamisa kufanele sikhululekwe ngokwesikhululo sezilungiselelo zomthengisi, okuthumelela ukuthi kwenziwe izinyathelo zezinsuku ngasinye kabefore ukusebenza, izinyathelo zeminyaka ngasinye ngemva kokusebenza kakhulu, nokukhululeka kakhulu ngasinye ama-500 kuze nama-1,000 amahora okusebenza. Izinyathelo zezinsuku ngasinye esikampani sokuphakamisa zifanele ukuthi zihlale i-level yamafutha, i-level yamafutha wokuchitha, i-level yamafutha we-hydraulic, nokubheka ngokwesibonelo amahose nezinkampani. Abakhi bafanele bakhululeke kakhulu amafutha nezinkampani zokuvavanya uma besebenzisa isikampani sokuphakamisa kakhulu ngeminyaka yokuphakamisa, ngaphezu kwesikhululo sabo somthengisi.
Yiziphi izinkinga eziphakade zokungafani kwe-sikampani sokuphakamisa?
Iziphetho zokusebenza kwe-machines zokufaka izinkhuni ziyaphuma kubukho obungafanele kwezilungu zokusebenza, ikakhulu i-oil, i-coolant, ne-hydraulic fluid okufakwa kabusha noma akafakwanga ngaphezu kwezinye izikhathi. Amaphiltre ayo aphakanyiswa kwe-machines zokufaka izinkhuni ayenza ukuthi kubhekene nezinkinga zokuphakanyiswa kwezinqumo futhi abeka ubude bokusebenza kwamapharti akhulu. Ukungabukali kwezilungu zokusebenza kwe-screed heater system kusiza ukuthi kubekwe izinkhuni ezihlukahlukene kanye nokuthi kubekwe ukuthi kuzwele kahle, ngakho-ke amahose athile ne-hydraulic lines ayenza ukuthi kubhekene nezinkinga zokuvula okuhlinzekile kwezinqumo okunika impilo yemachiya yokufaka izinkhuni ukuthi isebenze ngendlela efanele kanye nokuthi isebenze ngendlela efanele.
Ngaba abacontractor bafaka konke ukulungisa kwe-machines zokufaka izinkhuni ngabo?
Abakholi bakhwazi ukwenza izibonelo zokulungisa okuphelele kumashini yokubeka amaphuzu, kufaka ukubona imiphumela yamafutha, ukuguqula amafiltela, nokubona ngokwezinye izinto zomshini, kodwa izilungiselelo eziningi nezilungiselelo zomshini wokugcina kufanele zihlanganiswe ngabasayensi abaqinisekisiwe. Ukuguqula umshini wokubeka amaphuzu, ukuguqula ipampu yokugcina, noma ukulungisa umshini wokutshixa kufune ukufunda okulinganayo nokusebenzisa izinketho zokuhlola okungazange kube nazo abakholi abaningi. Ukulungisa okuphelele ngabakholi abasebenzisa umshini wokubeka amaphuzu ngokuphelele kunciphisa kakhulu izilungiselelo ezingapheleli futhi kusondeza kakhulu isikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini.