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1. Ukutholwa Kwemibhobho
Izinhloso zokudweba izindlela zilidla nezibangelwa kakhulu kuzo zonke izindlela zokudweba, ezifakelwa kakhulu izinhloso zokuqhubeka nezinye izinhloso eziyisisekelo esidlangalalweni sokudweba izindlela.
Okokuqala, kukhona izinhloso zokudweba izindlela zasekhanda. I-Bulldozers, njengokuthi zenze izindlela eziphelele, zingahlala kona okunguqulathiwe, ukulayisha umphumela ocacileyo kwezokudweba elandelayo. I-Road rollers iyadinga ukuphakama kwekhanda ukulawulwa kakhulu nokunikeza amandla. Kukhona amathayiphi amaningi njenge-road rollers ezigcwele futhi ezingenakho amagliga, angachagwa ngokwengeziweyo.
Ekuhambeni, kukhona umshini wokubangela indawo yokuhamba. I-Pavers, ngokomfano, zingasawula ngokulinganisa umkhumbi wemvula noma ikhankatha yasemente kusihlandla, uyinikeze ukuthi indawo yokuhamba nezimpawu zokubangela ziyakhiwa ngokwemigaqo yokubangela. I-Milling machines singayilisa isihlandla esiphambili. Zibalulekile kakhulu ukulungisa amagugu nezibangeli futhi ukubangela kabusha.
Ngokudonsa, umshini wokuxhumana nekhankatha yasemente unamanye amagama aphumelelayo. Ungayixhumana ngokucacileyo ikhankatha yobukhona ngokulingana nokuxhumano, uyinikeza izinto zokubangela ezinhle kubangela isihlandla. Izigaba sokuxhumana nekhankatha esiyisodwa singayixhumana nezinto eziningi ukwenza ikhankatha esiyisodwa esifanele nezimigaqo futhi sisebenziswe ekubangeleni kweqembu lokubangela. Kungenhla, izinhlobo zazo zonke izindlela zingasebenza ngeqondo elinye ukuze bangwe ngokuphumelelayo izindaba zokubangela isihlandla.
2. Imiphakathi Yeqhuma
(1) Imithwalo ephakeme kuzindlela zokwenza nokudla
Imiprocess engqikithi neyokweyiswa yeemashini egcwalisa umgwaqo ube nezimfuneko eziphambene. Ukuqala kwekukhetho kwamandla okanye, kufuneka ukhethwe isithuthi esiphakeme nezindawo ezine obuchule obuphezulu, obulandelana obuphezulu nobungqina obuphezulu ukuthi kuhlanjelwe ukuthi kungasebenzi ngemva yezinsuku eziningi kanye nezimo ezingapheli. Isibonelo, idrum yesithuthi sokugcwalisa kufuneka sibe nezindlela eziningi zokwenza isithuthi futhi kuthathwe isilinganiso esiphakeme sokuqina kanye nezimo zokugcina ukuthi sibe nezimo eziphakeme kanye nezimo ezingapheli, ngakho kungeke kube nezinto ezithile noma kungase kuthathwe isilinganiso.
Ku nhlobo yokuqina, kusetshenziselwa umsindo wokwenza okuphezulu we-CNC, nangemfekiso wokulinganisa okuphezulu kokuqina kuma-millimeters noma kuma-micrometers, ukuthikwa ngalunye luhlanganise ngempela. Isibonelo, ukweqwa, ukucindezela nokugcwala kwezinye zemigqa yeskru yepaver kudinga ukweqisa okuphezulu kokuqina nokugcwala ngokuzenzekela ukuthi kuhlanganise nokulingana kwamathola. Kuya kwenziwa ngokuzenzekela ukwenza okuphezulu kokuqina. Ngemva kokuhlanganisa, abasebenzisi abaqondile bahlakanipha ngokuzenzekela ngemjikelezo wokwenza futhi bakhuphe izikhathi eziningi ukulungisa futhi ukubheka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsindo wonke ube nezifiso eziphakeme. Okunye okungapheli kungathintela izifiso zemsindo ngemva kokusebenza, ngakho ke ukwenza nokudala okuphezulu kokuqina kuyisigaba esikhulu sokubonza ubungozi bomsindo wokudala izindlela.
(2) Inqubo yokwenza uhlelo oluphezulu
Imimine yokuconywa kwezindawo zokuhamba kahle iyahlisa ngokuphelele izidinga ezahlukene zezindawo zokuhamba futhi inikeza inkubonelo ephelele yokwenza ngokwezifiso. Uma sikhetha izinhleke, ngokusho kwesibonelo, xa kuhamba kwezindawo zokuhamba eziyinhloko ezahlukene, ububanzi besikreedi bokwenyelwa ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokubambisana nezidinga zokububanzi besikreedi ukuze kuhlanjwe ngokugcwele kanye nokuvikela ukungalingani kwezindawo. Kwezindawo zokuhamba eziphakeme, njengokuhamba kwezindlela zokuthiwa emakhonyeni, amandla wezindlela kanye nezinhlobo zokuhamba kwamakhari yezindawo zokuhamba kungenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze aziwe ngokuvumelelwa kuzindawo ezimnye kanye nezihlathile.
Ukucustemiza kungena futhi kwezindlela. Kumaqine emamatheni, uma iphrojekthi iphakathi iy aimed at ukulungisa amavithi amancane, ukucubungula okunemapheshoni amancane kodwa amathile kakhulu ungaphakathi; uma ukucubungula okukhulu kwezindawo ezikhulu kuyadingeka, amamatheni eseqile kakhulu nezindlela zokucubungula ezikhulu kungaphakathi ngokufanele. Ngaphezulu, ngenxa yokuthi izimo zomoya ezahlukahlukene kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene, le maqine esetshenziswa kwezindawo ezibhokwe kungaphakathi nezinhlelo zokuphepha kanye nezinhlelo zomoya ezifanele ukuthi aqale kuzimo ezibhokwe. Lokhu kakhulu kocustemiza kungakunceda ukuthi kufanise kahle nezinye izindawo zokuvulwa kwezindlela kanye nokuthi kube lula kakhulu nokobonisa ubungozi.
(3) Amathile amakhulu
Isicathamiya sekuhahise kwezindawo zomhlaba ngokuvamile inikeza amandla aphezulu, lokuyindlela yokuthiwa isebenze ngokuhle. I-Bulldozers inemoto yedizela enkulu, futhi i-torque yakhe enkulu ingasebenze ngokuthulula kwezimali ezinkulu nezindlela. Noma lapho kufana nezindawo ezikhululwe noma izinto ezibangelwa yizinto ezijwayelekileyo, ingasebenze ngokuthulula futhi lapha kusitele indawo ngamandla akhe aphakeme.
Ukushisa kwesistimu yamandla kwezinhlekezi zokulayisha kuyindleke kakhulu. Ukulayisha isilinda eside sokuthutha izinto ngokulinganisa kuzinhawu zokulayisha, futhi ukulayisha isikrithi ukwenza imisebenzi yekulayisha ngokushesha nokugcina okufanele, akukwazi ukwenzeka ngaphandle kwesithuthukisi esikhulu. Kuzinhlekezi ezinkulu zokulayisha amanzi, amandla wesithuthukisi ngokuvamile kungase kufikelela kakhulu kwezinkulumo, okuyisicaba sokulandela ukuthuthwa kwamabhizinisi futhi kugcine ukulayisha kwamandla aphakathi kwezindlela ezinkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, kwezinhlekezi zokulayisha, xa kuthathwa isikulu sembhini yezindlela ezihlathile, kudinga ukusebenzisa amandla aphezulu ukuthiwa isilinda sokuthathwa sithathe isikrithi ngokushesha ukuze kuthathwe isikulu sembhini ngokushesha. Ikhanda lomandla lisho ngqo kuhlelo lokuthathwa nokushesha. Ngakho, le ndawo nezinhlekezi ezingenamandla kakhulu engase kusebenza ngendlela ethulile kuzindlela zokusebenza eziningi futhi zinike amandla aphezulu kwezindlela zokulayisha.
(4) Ukusebenza Okuphezulu
Imimitha Yokudweba Indlela iyasebenza ngokukhulu ngokuhamba kweqiniso. Iindlela zokugcina zindlela zinokwenza amanye amaphakathi ngokukhulu kwekhipha kwezindawo zokudweba noma indlela ngemva kokuseta ngokunxulumene ukuvivinya nokuphakama. Ngokulingana neendlela zokugcina ezidala, iindlela zokugcina ezisebenzisa ukugcina ngokuvivinya kunokukhulisa ngokukhulu umphumo nokukhanya kwegcina kwaye ukunciphisa iperi yokuqhubeka.
Ubungqina obuphezulu kwemimandla yokulayisha kubonakala kakhulu ngokuthi kutholakala ukuthi yini na kuthi kuthathwe amandla ngokuphelele futhi kuthuthukiswe ubude oluthile olukhulu olukhona kwezindawo ezilayishwa. Kunezinhlobo ezithile zemimandla yokulayisha okungenzeka ukuthi zilayishe izindawo ezingu thousands of square meters ngohora futhi ziqinise ukuthi izilayisho ziyaphansi kwezikhundla nezibophelo eziphezulu, okwenza ukuba kakhulu ukuthi kuthathwe izinsizakalo zokulayisha. Xa izinhlobo zokulayisha zilayisha amandla esidlile, ukwakhiwa okungcono kwemigca yemilayisho nezokusebenza ngokungcono kwenza ukuthi izilayisho ngohora zibe yimali, okwenza ukuba kakhulu ukuthi kuthathwe izilayisho futhi kuthole inyaka ebanzi kwezinye izisekelo noma ukulungisa. Ngokudla, izinhlobo ezahlukene zalo milandela kutholakala ukuthi kuthi kuthathwe ukuxhumana ngokulandelana. Isibonelo, izimvunyi zithi kuthathwe amandla aphakathi, emimandla yokulayisha kuthathwe ukulayisha ngokushesha, futhi izilayisho zilandela ngokulayisha. Inqanawa yezinsizakalo zokulayisha iyasebenza ngokungcono futhi kuthathwe izinsizakalo ngokulandelana, okwenza ukuba kakhulu ukuthi kuthathwe izinsizakalo zokulayisha.
3. Imicado yokusebenzisa izinhloso
Imimoya YokuDlala Iindlela Eziphakamileyo Yemigunyana Yokusebenzisa Kakhulu Fanye Nokuphathwa Kwisiphumo Esikhoyo Kwimimoya YokuDlala Iindlela.
Kwesekelwe kwezindawo zomuntu, ngoba indawo yasekela yabiwe futhi imithombo yekhanda ingaba yabiwe, kunezidingo ephakeme kakhulu kuzindlela zokusebenza nezimpawu zalo. Isibonelo, amakhompithi amakhulu angasebenza ngendlela elula kizindaweni ebiwe njengezindlela zasekhanda nezilanga kuthiwa kwenze ukugcwalisa kwezindawo eziphathwewe ngokushesha. Ukuhamba kwabo okuphansi kwezinkumbane nezimpawu zokulawula okuprecisiya kuzokungcola kakhulu kumathina esekelweni kanye nezilandeli. Amakhompithi angasebenza ukushaya ngokucacileyo izingxenye zomhlaba ngokulingana nezidingo zokudizaynisa, ukwenza indawo yokuhamba evela ngokujulile kanye nekhumalo. Ngokwesibili, amakhompithi okugaya angasebenzwa ukulungisa izindlela zasekhanda. Angasekhipha amacala esindaweni eshushwe ngekhorabi bese kwenza futhi ukugcwalisa ukuze kuhlanjwe ukuthi izindawo zokuhamba zasekhanda zenzeke ngokulungileyo.
Kwesendlelweni yeziphetho ezinkulu, izinhlobo zemashini zokubangela izindlela zifakwa kakhulu. Amadola amakhulu engqimba ngokukhawuleza indawo yokubangela ephakeme, ukwenza imizimba emuhle yokubangela isisfu esilandelayo. Izilayithi zokuxhumana nesitanki zihlinza ukubhala isitanki esifakwayo kwaye zilungiselela kule ndawo yokubangela isisfu ukuthi kuhlinze ubunzima bokubangela isisfu. Izibhobho zokulayisha zingakhathazisa ukulayishwa ngokulinganayo kwezimboni ezinkulu zasphalathini kusukela kakhulu kwaye nezibhobho ezinkulu zeziphetho zixhume ngokusebenzisa amandla awo okugcwalisa ukugcwaliswa okuphindwe ukuthi kuhlinze ukuzingelwa kwaye ukutholakala kweziphetho kuhlinze amastandadha okuphelela kwaye kuvunyelwe ukuphelela kwaye ukuthobela ngokukhawuleza.
Kwakhokho yezindawo zokudlala, noma ukukhishwa kwenzeka ngokwezifiko, le ndawo ayizokunyeke. Izi zokudlala ezingaphansi kanye nezokusebenzela zinethulwa. Isibonelo, izimiselo eziyincane zokwenza icala zinethulwa ukuze kwenywe icala ngezindlela zasemaphakameni fakwa kusebenziswa ukukhishwa kwamadoti noma ukuvikela izindlela zokudlala. Ngaphezulu, kumathathu okuphakeme kwezindawo zokudlala, izibhobho zokugaya nezibhobho zokuthwasa zinezinsuku eziningi. Zingasebenza kahle kuzindawo ezingavumelelwa kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi futhi zenze ukusebenza okuphumelelayo ukukhishwa kwamadoti wokudlala futhi kuthuthukise ukudlala.
Kunezinye izindawo eziphathintayo zokulungisa indawo yokulandela, njengokulungiswa kwamandla endaweni yemine, Imithi yokulungisa indawo kufanele iyisise kuzindlela ezikhululekile kanti nezidingo zokuthutha okuningi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinto ezinezindlela ezinkulu nezinhloso eziphambene kakhulu. Izindawo zokulungisa kufanele zenze okunconywa okukhulu ukuze kuthuthwe ukulaywa okuhlanu kwezindawo ezinezindlela ezinkulu, futhi izindawo zokulungisa kufanele zithinte ukuthi kuthuthwe ukulaywa okuphakeme kwezinto eziphakanyiswe ngezindlela. Bakhokha ngokunye kakhulu kwezindlela zemine kanti nezinyathelo zokulandela nezokuthutha. Okuphela kona, lezi zinto, ngokuthi zinezindlela ezikhethekile, zinesikhumba esingekelwa kuzinye izindawo zokulungisa indawo futhi zenze okuningi kwezindlela zase China.
