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1. Ukutholwa Kwemibhobho
Izinhlobo zokuthula yindlela ebalulekile yokusebenza ngokumele kakhulu esetshenziswa kakhulu kuzindlela eziningi. Inamaqondo amaningi wokuhlolwa nezinhlobo, ukuze kunciphise isikhumo nokuthutha kwezinto eziphakeme eziningi.
Zihlakwa ngokwezifomu zokubulala, ezinhlelweni eziphambene nazo zilandela izinkawo ezijwayelekileyo. Isibonelo, izinkawo zokubulala kunezifomu eziphezulu kakhulu ezinezigogo ezitholakale kuzindawo zombili, zingaphezulu kwenqanawa yokusebenza. Kufaneleke kakhulu kumagama amakhulu emasipala, kudokisa nezinye izindawo, bese kwenza ngokushesha ukuthunyelwa kwezinto eziphakeme njengamakhalasi nezinhlelo zokubulala ezikhulu. Indaba yengehla yinkawo esiyayeni, enguqulwe ngokushesha kuzindlela ezivulekile kuzindawo zokubulala. Iyashintshwa ngokushesha ngezindlela ngokusebenzisa ifomu yekhathuni bese ikhuphuka ngokucacileyo amadoda kuzindawo ezahlukene kuzindawo zokusebenza. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kuzindlela zokubulala nezinye izinhlelo zokwenza izinto.
Izinkrane zokweyela ziyafana nazo. Izinyawo zazo eziningi zingakhipha noma zingusebenzisa amagca amathiselwe ukuguqula ubude ngokwesicelo samakhhiwane. Izihlabathi zingaxhuma noma zingaphansi kwezinkinga eziyimfihlakalo. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumasebenzisweni amakhhiwane futhi zingalingani noma zingakwazi ukuthwala izinto zokubhukela kumakhhiwane amaphezulu.
Izinkrane ezingiyawo zinezindawo ezinhle zokuhamba. Zingahlukaniswa kwiinkrane zamathiyela, izinkrane nezilindele kanye nokuthi. Inkran e yemathiyela isebenzisa isikwele samathiyela njengesicelo sokuhamba. Inhlanhla kakhulu kwehamba, ingafika ngokushesha kusikhundla sokusebenza, futhi ingathola ukwehamba emuva kokusebenza. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumasebenzi okuthwala izinto zokwesikhwama. Inkran yezilindele iyavikela neyahlula ngemigca yezilindele futhi inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu ekusebenzeni kusikhundla esinezindlela ezinhle. Ingalahlekelwa ukuthwala izinto zonke izindleko ezithile kwezinkinga eziyimfihlakalo.
Ngaphezu kwaloku, kukhona amacrine e-mast, okuqukethwe yithructhure ye-mast ukwesekela imikhombandlela yokulanda fanye kusebenziswa kakhulu ezemisebenzweni ethile okunezidingo elikhulu kakhulu le precision yokulanda. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemakhine yokulanda zinezici zabo zokulinganisa fanye zilandela izidingo zokulanda ezahlukene zazo zonke izindustri.
2. Imiphakathi Yeqhuma
(1) Amandla Amakhulu
Ukuba imakhine yokulanda ibe yenzile ukulanda kwamathizinini, amandla amakhulu ngumeko wokugcina. Sebenzisa ikhlini yemoto njengomfano. Inemoto yedhizeli enkulu enobubanzi obekhulu obekhulu, okungenzeka ukunikeza amandla amakhulu kwezinye izindawo zokulanda, ukulandela fanye ukubota. Xa kulanda amathizinini, noma xa ukulandela amathizinini angama-100 noma ngaphezulu, amandla amakhulu ayakusekela ukuthi imikhombandlela yokulanda iyakulanda amathizinini ngokushesha ngekunokuphela noma ukungakwazi ukulanda ngenxa yekungamandla.
Kuyafana kanje noma kwezitowe lekityuthi. Amadini amakhulu angcono okwenza ukuba i-jib ephinde ishunqe futhi ibulale ukuphakama nokulanda kwezinto ezinhle. Noma kweqiniswe ukuphakama kwezinto zokuvulindlela noma kwezinqawatha ezikhulu ezivulelwe ngaphambili, zinake ukusebenza ngokuhambelana nezimali ezikhulu. Ngaphezulu, kwezinye izitowe eziphezulu zokusebenza kwezinkampani, ukulondoloza izidingo zokuphakama ngokuvamile kwezinhlelo zokuvumela, izinhlelo zomoya zodwa zidizaynwa ngokucophelela. Izimali ezikhulu zenza ukuba zisebenze ngokuvamile futhi zilandelane nokuphakama ngokuvamile emasimini apholile, zihlinza ukuba isebenza futhi ukuvulindlela kuhambisane.
(2) Ukusebenza Okuphezulu
Imithwalo yokuthutha iyasebenza ngokukhulu lokuqala ngokusebenza kwayo, kakhulu ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuthutha. I-truck crane, inquma ngokushesha kwayo, iyakwenzela ukuthutha lokushesha. Futhi ubukhulu bakho bokuthutha bokwenzelwa ngokulinganisa nezidingo eziyisicelo. Kunezinye izindzindzela zokuthutha ezilula, kungakhona ukuthutha nokulayisha ngokushesha futhi kuholela kakhulu ukusebenza ngokukhulu.
I-crane yasekhaya ikhanyekwa kumathracki edingekile. Abasebenzisi bengcono ukulawula ishusho yalo kusendaweni esiyedwa yokulanda. Ngoba umgwaqo walo uphakathi kakhulu, lapho kuba nezinhloso zokusebenza, kungafinyelela ukulanda ngokushesha futhi kuyindlela enkulu yokukhishwa kwezinto ezenzakwa kakhulu ekunyenzelweni kwematerial kophuhliso lwempiyeni. Ii-tower crane zinezinhawu zokulanda ezikhulu. Ii-jibs zingasebenta futhi zilale kakhulu. Lapho kulethwa kusendawo, zingalanda amadhlamini wezakhiwo eziningi ezihlukene, oku kuthula isikhathi kwe-crane ukushukela futhi ukulayisha kabusho, ngakho kuyahumusha ukusebenza kweqembu lokusebenza.
Ukuqala ngokuphelisa imishontsho yemoto yemoto yokuqeqesha kuya kwenza ukuphakama bese kuyiphinde kuyiyindlela, umsebenzi wonke ubungqondweni futhi bangasebenzisa ngokuhle ukwenza amathaski okuphakama. Kumaqondana ngokuphakathi kwezinye izimo zokuphakama, bangasebenzisa ngokuhle izindlela zokusebenza ngokuhle kwayo bese kunciphise ukuthuthukwa kwezimo.
(3) Amakhanda Okukhula Okukhulu
Noma ukuthi yingxelo "imandla enkulu yokudlula" ibizwa ngokuphela izinhini zokudlula, kubonakala futhi kuzinye izindawo zokusebenzisa okuphathelene nezinhini zokuthwasa. Isibonelo, kuzinye izimo zokuthwasa ezinkulu zeminyango, izinhini zokuthwasa ezithile, ngaphandle kokwenza amathaski okuthwasa amadoda nezinhini, kudinga futhi ukuthwasa. Izinkawu ezinezinhlelo zokwenza okudingekayo zingasetshenziswa ngokweqhethelwe ngokudla njengesibhakabhaka esikhathini sokudla noma kwenkawu. Uma kusebenziswe inqolobane enezinhlelo eziphambene, ingadla futhi ingalobele amadoda aphansiwe lapho kudingeka, ngakho ngokuthwasa okuhle. Imandla yokudlula iyakuvumela ukuthi kwenzeke nezindlela zokusebenzisa eminyangweni yokuthwasa nezinhini zokuthwasa.
(4) Imandla enkulu yokulayisha
I-Loading capacity yomshini wolifta, okungukuthi, ubukhulu obulayelwe oliftini, iyindikatha ebalulekile yokulinganisa ubungako belifta. I-Lifting weight elilodwa kwezinkrane ezinkulu zingaxhuma kuma-tons amathousand. Kwezimathongo nezidokotela, zingalifta ngokuthulasukile izinkonteyina eziphezulu, izinca zokwehliswa yezindanda ezinkulu nezinto ezingenakho, ukuxazulula imithombo yezindlela eziphezulu yokulayisha nokulayisha.
Amacrine eziphambili nezinhloso zokulwa ngokwemitha futhi ngokwemiboniso ngayinye. Kukwenza kwamagugu amaphezulu, angakhipha izinto eziphakeme kakhulu njengezindawo zokulwa zokubhaleka futhi nezinhloso zokulwa ngokwemitha, ukuze kuhlolwe ukutholakala kwamadlinga kwaqala ukwenza. Noma amacrine afakwe kakhulu ayafakwa, imitha ngayinye enezinhloso zokulwa eziphakeme kakhulu, okuyisisekelo sokulwa ngokwemiboniso yezinto eziphakeme. Noma ngabe yiliphi uhlelo lokushintshwa kwamagugu kumasipala noma yiliphi uhlelo lokuqonda kwezindlela, kudinga ukuthi kutholwe amadlinga akhulu.
3. Izindlela Zokulungisa Iimpahla
Ukulungiswa kwemachini yokulwa kubaluleke kakhulu, kudinga ukuthi kutholakale kakhulu futhi kube yimaliphi qophela ukusebenza kwayo.
Kuqala, kufuneka kudalelwe imibuzo yalo lesi. Abasebenzisa kufanele bakwenze imibuzo yokulindela kwezindlela zokuthola ngemva noma ngaphambi kwenzwa yalo ngenxa yokujola ukuthi yiziphi izicaba nezithunywa zokwenyakanya. Isibonelo, bekukhuluma ukuthi kungani kungaphakathi kwejibhu, ikhooku, umoya wemali nezinye izinto zokuthola. Ngenxa yoko, bekukhuluma ukuthi yiziphi izibholti eziphakeme kuzo zonke izindawo zokuxhumana nezokulandelana kanye nezokulubela kufanele kuhlale kakhulu kuzo zonke izindlela zokusebenza ngendlela elungile.
Ukuzibona ngokokhuni kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwesikhathi esisodwa koma izikhathi zokusebenza, kwenze ukuzibona ngokuphelele kwezinhlobo zokuthola. Lokhu kufaka phakathi kwezinyathelo zokuzibona ezifana nokuhlola ingculiso, ukucisha kwehlothi noma ukubuya ngaphandle kwehlothi kumotore (uma yindlela yamathina). Ukuze ikhwekhana lemotore ibe yinhle. Kwezinye izindawo eziphambene nezindlela zokuthola, ukubuyekeza amaglashi, ukubheka ukugcwele kwezinyathelo zokuthumela, futhi ukubuya ngaphandle kwezinye izinto ezigcwele kakhulu ngokushesha ukuze uvikele ukungabi ngezinto ezigcwele kakhulu.
Kulula isistimu saselelekthrisithi, hlola ngeke kakhulu ukuthi izixhobo zomgca ziyasebenza ngokuvumelekile futhi izithuba eselelekthrisi siyasebenza ngokuvumelekile ukuvikela ukungasebenzi kwekhiya esistimweni saselelekthrisithi. Futhi, hlola izixhobo zokuphepha kwekhiya, njengezixhobo zokumisa uphawu nasezixhobeni zokulungisa ukuphahla, ukuthi zisebenze ngendlela echanekile, zithume amagama ngemva kokuthi kunezimo ezingavumelekile, futhi ukuthake isenzo esifanele, ngaleyo ndlela ukuvikela isebenza sokulanda.
Ngaphezulu, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nezimo zokusebenza zokuthi yini yisikhali, thelekisa abasebenzisi okulandzelwa kakhulu ukuze bakwazi ukulandza izinkinga ezingaphakathi. Isibonelo, kwenza uhlelo lwesikhali ukuze ukhombise ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphakathi. Ngokwezifiso nezindlela zokulandela ukulandwa, kubhekwe isikhathi sokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokuthwasa futhi kuhlanjelwe ukuthi sizosabalalisa futhi kusebenze ngendlela ethembekile.
