EZINYE IZINHLAYIYA ZOKUVIKELA EMSHAKELWENI WAMADWEBO

I. Ukhombisa Lwesikhwama

Ukuhlola i-paver yasfalto yobukokwe njengombagcolo, yindlela ebalulekileyo yokudla engqineni yamadwele kuzo zokudla zasekati. Isetyenziswa ngokuprincipale ukuhlula ngokulinganayo i-asfalto enkqumeni kwiqondo lokudla. Iyakunceda ukulanda i-asfalto kwaye iya kunceda kuzo zokugcina. Ubunzwa bawo bubizwa ngokuba yindlela yokuhlaba, indlela yokulayisha nezixhobo zokulinda. Indlela yokuhlaba iyakunceda ukuba indlela yasentla ngokuchanekileyo. Indlela yokulayisha iyakunceda ukuba i-asfalto enkqumeni iye kwindawo yokulayisha. I-screed iyakunceda ukuba indlela yenqanawe kwaye ikhokeleke ngakumbi. Iindlela zokulayisha zasekati zokudla zisebenza ngokuxhuma, ziyakunceda ukuthutha kwaye ukuthutha kwezokudla kwaye ziyakunceda kuzo zokudla nezinye iindlela.

II. Imiphakathi Yezinhlayiya

• Inhlekelelo Eningiwe

• • Ukudizayana Kwesikhala Esikhundleni : Isikhala sasebenzwa ngokuhle kwezimali zokudla kunezimali zokudla. Isikhala sokusebenza kuyinhle kakhulu futhi kungatholwa ngokushintshashintsha ngokwesifazwe nezindilo zemisebenzi, kuyekela ukwehliseka okubizwa ngenkathi emakhanda kude. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhala sasenziwe ngokuthi sinezinhlelo yokuvikela amagugu nezinhlelo zokulanda, okungakhiwa kona indawo yokusebenza enhle kumisebenzi ingxenye yekhanda.
  • Ukudala Indawo Yokusebenza Engenakho Kunceshe : Kukudizayini nokwenza izinhlelo, izinhlelo zakudla kakhulu zisebenziswa ukuthi zilungiselele amathathu amaningi athi engine, ukuze kunceshe okubonakala kumisebenzi kakhulu, ukuthula kwekheshe kumisebenzi kanye nokuthi kusebenze ngokusheshe kanye nekheshe.
  • Indawo Yokubona Engaphezulu Yokugcina Isicelo : Ikhabineni lesiklasi lenziwe ngokusebenzisa indawo enkulu futhi iphathelwe ngendlela ethile, neyona tshintsha yokuvuleka kanye nokucacile, kungaba kungenalendlela esimiswe. Omondeli angavumelana ngokucacilelwa kwezinto ezifakwe kanye nezindawo zokusebenza ezijikelezayo njengeqoqo, ukuthwala nokwenza amaphoyisa, ngokwenza amathiphu okwenza kakhulu.

• Ukusebenza okuvulekile

• • Ukusebenzela kweqhaliwe : Imithi yokudlala emadini yenziwe ngokusebenzisa iphaneli elula kanye nezinhloso. Isimo seyona noma yisiphi isithombe esifanayo sikhulu kanye nezinhlobo ezicacile kakhulu. Abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuthiwa ngokukhula ngaphandle kokufundwa okuphakeme futhi bakwazi ukusebenzisa okusha, ukulinda kanye nokwenza izilungiselelo zokusebenza, ngokwenza ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu.
  • Inhloko yokontrola yemfundo yemfundo : Izinhlelo zokugcina ngokwemfanelo zihlanganiswa. Isibonelo, amaphaveri we-asphalt concrete angena ngokuzenzekela futhi aqale ukulaywa ngokucacileyona ngokulinganisa nokubinisa izindlela ezifakwe. Ikhetha lokumelana lekanga ingena ngokulinganisa ukuphathwa kwemelana. Iphelthi yemelana le-asphalt nayo ingena ngokuzenzekela ukumelana ngokulinganisa ukulinganisa, kubusa amaphutha athiwa ngenkqubo yabantu futhi yenze ukusebenza kungenzeka futhi kungenanani.
  • Ukuhlelo olunamathiselwe kakhulu : Iziphumo zokusebenza zihleliwe ngokuphelele ekushukeni kwokuhlelo. Iziphansi zokuhlola futhi zokukhipha kuzinyathelwe ekuhlakweni. Ngaphezulu, izindlela zazo zonke izitayela nezimboni zilungile futhi izigcithiwa zilungile. Abasebenzisi bokuhlela bakhona ukuthola indawo yezinkinga ngokushesha bese benze ukuhlela ngokushesha xa bezisebenza kuziphumo, kubusa isikhathi nezindleko zokuhlela.

• Isiphumo esinhle sokusebenzisa amandla

• • Ukucushwa Kwesistimu Yezindleko : Iziphanti ezijwayelekileyo njengokwehliswa zenziwa. Le sistimu yezindleko inobukhulu obuphezulu bokuguqula izindleko. Ngenkathi iyabelana nezindleko eziyisayo kumashini abangeni izindleko, kungakhathaliseki ukusebenzisa izindleko njengokwelapha futhi ukwehlisa ukungcola izindleko, uyiphakama ukuthi iziphandi zilinde isimo esinezinga eliphezulu sokungcola izindleko ngexesha lokusebenza ngokukhuphuka.
  • Inhloso Yekhetho Lokunciphisa Ukusebenzisa Izinga : Amashini amaningi abangela izindleko anezimo lokunciphisa ukusebenzisa izindleko. Abasebenzisi bangakhetha ngokuxhomekeke kuzindleko zokusebenza. Kuzinye izimo ezifanele kakhulu noma xa kungadinga izindleko kungabi phezulu, uma uvule izimo zokunciphisa ukusebenzisa izindleko, iziphandi zizokuvumela ukuguqula izindleko zokusebenza ukuze ukwehlise ukungcola izindleko ngokungafanele futhi ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenzisa izindleko ukuze ukwazi ukuvikela izindleko futhi ukuncipha ukusebenzisa.
  • Inhloso Yokuvikela Futhi Ukusebenzisa Fynhla : Imimoya yokudweba umhlaba noma yiziphi enenziwe ngokusebenza nezifixo zokuthola inawo. Isibonelo, xa kudweba noma kwenziwa yiziphi inqubo yokuthola inawo, inawo engaphezulu iyatholakala futhi iyagcinwa futhi emuva kwabo iyasebenziswa futhi kwenye indawo ekhulekayo kumgca. Le mekanismu yokuthola futhi yokusebenzisa inawo futhi ibangela ukuncipha kwe inawo okudingekayo kubaleke futhi kuholela kwe inawo.

III. Isixhobo Sokusebenzisa Imishini

• Ukuvikeleka ngaphambi kokusebenza : Ngaphambi kokuqala isithuthi sokuvulindlela, kufanele kwenziwe ukulungisa ngokuphelele. Bheka ukuthi yiziphi izinqawo zokuxhuma ezihlakaniphile, njengokuxhuma phakathi kweqondo lokulayisha neqondo lokulayisha iqhingeni, ukufaka kwekamelo yokumelana ngokubangelwa ngokubangelwa, njn. Noma kunjalo, bheka ukuthi yiziphi izithali zokulungisa zokulungile, uyinikeze ukuthi amathikili wefuel, weyil, njn. ayikona kakhulu, futhi uhlanze izindleke ezikude kweqondo ukuthi kuthinte amandla okusebenza kahle kweqondo lokuvulindlela. Lokhu yisinyathelo esibalweni ngalunye lokusebenza kweqondo lokuvulindlela.
• Izindawo Ezikruthelwa xa usebenza imimoya yokuwenza umgwaqo, kufanele kwenziwe imisebenzi ngokwemigomo ye-construction eset. Isibonelo, umenye wokwenza izimpela zasephalto kufanele akuncanele ubukhulu, ububanzi nokuthula ngokwesicathami esiphathelene nezidingo zomgwaqo. Imimoya yokugaya yasephalto iyadinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela ukugaya kwezimpela nokuthula kwegwayo ukuthiwa kuthuthukwe inkimbuka yezimpela eziguquliwe. Indawo yokuxilonga izimpela zasephalto kufanele ikhuthe ngokucophelela imigomo yesicathami sokuxilonga ukuthiwa kuthuthukwe ubungozi bezimpela ezixilongiwe. Ngemva kwesikhathi sosebenzi, umsebenzisi kufanele aqonde kakhulu ukugijima kwezixhobo nokuthutshelwa ngokwemibono yalo, ukuhlanjelana nokuthulwa kwezinto ezingcono ukuthiwa kuthuthukwe ukwenza umgwaqo.
• Ukulungiswa Emuva Kwesikhathi : Emuva kokuphela umsebenzi wokubangela indawo, ungavuleki elikhiyamithi. Vumela elikhiyamithi lokubangela indawo licime ngemva yokuthi izingxenye zonke zihlukunye. Kumbuka, vula amandla futhi uvuke elikhiyamithi, susa ingcwele ekhona kwenqo futhi kanye nezinto ezedlule. Futhi, hlola futhi uma kunezindlela eziphunye, nezingxenye ezikhona, futhi faka futhi ikhweyithi kuzo izingxenye ezidinga ukulayisha. Lokhu kwezindlela zokulungisa emuva kokusebenza kunesikhathi eside sokusebenza kwezikhiyamithi futhi kuhle kakhulu ukulungiselela okunxantathu.