I-MOTOR GRADER

I. Ukhombisa Lwesikhwama

Umotileli weqhwa, okwaziwa ngokuba yiqhwa, iyisicelo esibalulekile esebenzisa amashini amakhulu ekuvikeleni. Kusetshenziswa ngokuphelele ukulayisha nezinyathelo zezindawo ezifanayo nezindlela, izindawo zokulandela, nezindawo ezikhulu zokuvikela. Ngaphandle kwebhade enkulu edingekile kumkhawulo, ikhabsile yomsebenzisi, imoto engenisa amandla, nekhahla enezinyawo noma izindusi, kungakwazi ukulandela isikhundla nezinkululeko zebhade ukukhuphuka, ukulayisha, nokwenza uhlobo lwesilisa. Ngenhloso yalo yenzeka futhi izindima, ibe yilodwa elikhulu lokwenza izindawo eziyisusa nezifanele, ukuqinisa ubunzima nezinhloso zezimo zezinfrastrakti.

II. Imiphakathi Yezinhlayiya

• Ukuphakama Okuphezulu

• • Isayizi Esithekile Sohloko

I-Sayizi yesithuthiwe ngokuthi yindlela enkulu neyomkhumbi oluhle. Ngokuvumelana iyawakhelwa ngamakhanda okukhuphela okuphezulu engayilawula izindleko ezinkulu nezixhobo ezisebenzayo ngduring the grading process. Ikhankatha leyo yahlukisa ubunzima besithuthi kuzo zonke izindlela, okukhombisa ukuba uyilawule ukuphakama noma xa kusebenzela kizindzalela ezingaphambene noma xa kwenza izinto eziphambene. Isibonelo, kuzindzalela eziphakeme kweqoqa, isayizi esithekile siyakuvumela ukuthi isithuthi silale kahle kuzwayo futhi siqhubeke nokwenza izindaba zalo ngaphandle kokuxhumana.

• • Ububanzi Obuphezulu Bekhetho Lelagwe

Izimali zokulinganisa kanye nezimali zokulayisha ziqukume kakhulu noma zinezinye izindanda. Iqukume elikhulu libonisa indawo ephakeme kakhulu, libeke isiqinisekiso ngokuthulaselwa ukuba kungaphansi. Lapho kuzo nezindanda, izindanda zilawula ukuxhumana nezinye izinhlamvu, zivumela izimali ukuhamba ngokuthulula nokusebenza ngokucacile. Nakho lapho kusebenzwa emhlabeni ongaphansi noma esikoleni, ukwakhiwa kwequkume noma izindanda kuvumela izimali ukuba nezixokelelo.

• • Isisitemu ye-Ophanging ephambene

Izimali zokulinganisa eziningi zokwamanje zinezisitemu yeophanging ephambene. Lesi sitemu yisikhwama sokuthula amandla nezixhawo ezivumelana nokusebenza, kanye nobuningi bokuthula isiqinisekiso sezingxenye zazo. Livumela izimali ukuba libe nekhiye yokuqala noma lapho kuhambela kuzo amathripodi amaningi, kuvumela ukuthi ilambo ibe neqembu neqondo elichanekileyo ukulinganisa ngokucacile.

• Ukucacisa okuphezulu

• • Isisitemu yeKontrola yeLambo ephambene

Iblade yomotu wesikweletu ingasebenziswe ngokuphelele kakhulu. Abasebenzisi bengakumelela ubukhulu, isimo, nokungcola komoto ngemisebenzi yemfutho. Kunezinhlelo zemali ezingenaso ukuxhuma nokuhambisa ngokuphelele, kuvumela ukuthi kudlale isilango nokubangela ngokuphelele kakhulu. Isibonelo, xa kudlalwa ikhwekhwe ngemigomo yokubangela engavamile, ingasebenziswe i-iblade yekhwekhwe ukuthi kungu-inchi engu-1/10 kuthuthukisa amagama okubangela.

• • Ukubekwa Okuphelele kanye Nezinhlelo Zokokhulisa

Izikhwekhwe zomotu ezinhle ziqukwe nezinhlelo zokubekwa okuphelele kanye nezinhlelo zokokhulisa. Lezi zinhlelo zingaba neziteknolojhi GPS noma izinhlelo eziyilaseri ezisiza ubasebenzisi ukubekwa kakhulu khona ikhwekhwe kuzindawo zokusebenza. Zinikeza imininingwane ngokushesha malunga nodwengo wemashini nezimo zomoto, kuvumela ubasebenzisi ukwenza izis correction ngokushesha kanye nokuthi kusebenzelwe ukubangela ngokuphelele kakhulu.

• • Ukuhlelwa Kwezinyathelo Zokusebenza

Izimotile zokulandela izindlela zokuvumela ukwenza izihlelo ezinhle zokusebenza. Abasebenzisi bengcono ukubhala isantya segrader kunye nezikhovelwano zokukhupha ngokucacileyo, ngokwesicelo seprojekthi nganye. Le nqamlelo yekhontrole iyahomba ukuba ukulandela kuyafana nangokulinganayo kuzantsi kwaye kusebenzekile kakhulu, kungaba yindlela enkulu okanye umgama ophezulu wendabuko.

• Ukubaqhweleka Okuhle

• • Iziphiwo ezifanekiso

Izimotile zokulandela zingezokuthi zibe nezinto ezahlukeneyo zokongeza ubunzima bazo. Isibonelo, iziphandla zingezokuthi zikhutshwe ukulahla amadoda angcono kabefore grading, izindlela zokuthatha intambo zingezokuthi zifakwe ukulungisa iminyaka yezulu, kunye nezikhathuthi zingezokuthi zisetyenziswa ukulungisa isathimkhulu esikhuphile. Lezi zinto zongeza kwi-grader ukuba yisicaba sezinga zokusebenza nezinye iime, zongeza ubunzima bazo kunye nokubaqhweleka nazo zonke iindlela zokusebenza.

• • Ukubaqhweleka Nenqanaba Lamanzi Ahlukeneyo

I-motor grader inikeke kahle ngokusebenzisa izinto ezahlukene. Ikhona ukusebenzisa yonke okuvela kuso luncwabe olushelele kumaqo kanti nakwe asfalti. Kungakhathalene na ngeke ukulayisha umgwaqo ovela kumaqo okuya kwenqanawa, kanti inike amandla ukulayisha umgwaqo wasfalti ukuze kwenqanawe, ubuchwepheshe bokweqile kanye nezicelo zokusebenza kwayo kuvumela ukusebenzisa kahle nezinto ezahlukene, ukuthunyelana nezidingo zasekaya ngayinye.

• • Ukusebenzisa ngokuxhuma nezindlela zokudlala ezinje

Kuqeqeshini lokudlala, i-motor grader ingasebenze ngokuvumelana nezindlela zokudlala ezinje. Ingalawulwa ngokuxhuma nabakhubazi ukulungisa umhlaba ngokuqala, emlandela ngishaa nabakhubazi ukulungisa umgwaqo wokugcina ukuze kwenziwe ukulungiswa. Umalawuli wokuxhuma nezindlela zokusebenza ezinje kuvumela ukuba yinto eqinileyo kumaqo amakhulu, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngokugcwele kanye nezindlela zokusebenza.

III. Imicabango Yokusebenzisa Izinhlelo

• Ukudlala Kwemigwaqo

Kumaqo kwezokweyiswa kwezindawo zokuhamba, isikweleti samoto sigcina isikhalo esikhulu. Sisebenziswa kuqala ukulula indawo apho kweyiswa indawo yezindawo zokuhamba, ukususa amakhomelo nezindlela zokungcono. Ngesikhathi sokubekela indawo yokuqala yebhola noma isibhakabhaka, isikweleti sibhabelela ngokulinganiso ukwenza indawo elula. Emuva kokubekwa kwe-asphalt, isikweleti singasebenziswa futhi ukulula indawo, ukugcina ukubhudeleka okulinganayo nokugcina okuqondile ukulula kokuhamba ngokuphelele. Kunezinye zokweyiswa zezindawo zokuhamba, isikweleti samoto sigcina isikhalo esikhulu ekufakweni kwezilayili zokuhamba.

• Ukweyiswa kanye nokuphepha kwezindawo zokulandela

Kulokweleza imoto yesikhashana, iphrezishini yemotu ya grader iyisisekelo. Isikhashana kuyenza amapista nezindawo zokuhamba nezokusebenza ngokwehlanzekile. Imigomo echashazwe ngokukhutsheza kwezindawo zokulandela iyenza ukuthi kusebenze iphrezishini phakade. Ngenkathi kwenziwa ukulungiswa, kungasebenziswe futhi ukulungisa amaphela esikhashana noma amapista, ukuthiwa amathola nezokulandela ayisicelo. Kulokweleza izindawo zokulandela, i-motor grader iyisicelo esikhulu esifanele sikhulelwe ukuthi sibonakale kakhulu.

• Ukuvuleka Kwesikole Esikhulu

Xa kuvuselela indawo ephakeme kakhulu, njengokuvakwa kwezifakelo noma kwezinhlangano ezigcwalwe, isikrinyana sokuvula isetshenziswa ukulayisha konke okungaphandle kwezindawo. Kungenisa amadoti, akhalelwe umndeni ngokwemitha yokuvakwa, bese kwenza indawo evelwe neyodwa okulandela ngalo ukuvakwa. Iqiniso lokuvula kakhulu leskrinyana kuvumela ukusebenza kahle kuzindawo ezincane, futhi ukuthambekana kwalo nencazelo yamanye amakhemikhali kuvumela ukusebenzisa konke okungaphandle kwalokho kunguqulo noma amadoti endaweni. Isikrinyana sokuvula sikhombisa indawo okulandela ngalo ukuvakwa okulandela ngalo.

• Imisebenzi Yomndeni

Kumaqo kwezilandscape, isikweleti samanzi sisetshenziswa ukusetha umhlaba ukuze kudale amaslope, amaterasi, noma amaqhumuka amaningi. Singakwabela umhlaba ukuze kudale amagarden bed enoma noma ukudala ukuguqula okuphezulu phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene zeparki noma yesibhedlela. Inkinobeko yokontrola ikhweleti ngokucacile kuvumela abasebenzisa ukuthi bakhuthaze izicelo zabo ezinhle, yaye kusebenza njengesicelo esibalulekile ekuvuseleni umcaba wokuphathelene nezindawo zangasemkhawuleni.