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1. Ukutholwa Kwemibhobho
Imimandla yesikoqo iyinto ecingelweyo neyakudekileyo ekunyameni kwesikoqo esisha, nezinhlobo eziningi ezikwazi ukuthutha imithwalo yokusebenza yezikoqo ngokwehlukahlukene.
Kanti, kukhona izinhlobo zokulandela izindawo zokulima. Isibhakabhaka, ngokwesibonelo, yindlela yokuphatha izindawo zokulima. Kungase kuthishela izinhlobo eziningi zokulima, njengezitambu nezihlabi, ukwenza ukulima nezokulungisa izolo, ukudala imiphumela emhlabeni yokuthola izingxenye zokulima. Kukhona futhi izithuthi zokuthola okuzenzakalelayo kuzothola izingxenye zokulima kusuka kumathela ezimweni ngokwemigomo egciniwe, ukuhlela ukusebenza nokulinganisa ukuthola izingxenye zokulima.
Izinhlobo zokuthola izingxenye zokulima zinezinhlobo zokuthola izingxenye zokulima. Ngokwesibonelo, izikhwezi zokuthola izingxenye zokulima zingase kwenza imicabho engu-3 njengekuthola, ukuthola nezokuhlaba ngokugcwele. Zinhlobo zokuthola izingxenye zokulima eziningi njengezidete nezindlovukazi, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwabantu nezinsuku. Izibhakabhaka singase kuthisha izindawo zokulima emhlabeni, ukunikeza amandla ukugcina nokuthunyelana.
Imimandla yemathini yesicathamiyo sasezindaweni zokulima iyafana nendima. I-Sprinklers iyathumela amanzi ngokulinganisa kuzindawo zokulima ngokusebenzisa amanozzles futhi iyakwazi ukulandelana nokulandelana kwezindawo nezidinga zokulima ukulandelana nokulandelana kwezindawo nezidinga zokulima. Imathini yokulima ngendlela yamanzi iyathumela amanzi ngqo kumathwali wokulima, inikeza imiphimbo emikhulu yokusebenzisa amanzi, futhi inikeza umhlahlandlela wamanzi ongempela wokuthutha kwamathambo. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemathini yesicathamiyo zisebenza ngeqondana ukuthutha ukuthutha kwemijele yokulima.
2. Imiphakathi Yeqhuma
(1) Ukulandelana Okukhulu
Imithi yokudlala iqukile kakhulu futhi ingasebenzi kuhulumeni oluhlu lwemithi yokudlala. Ngokuvacwa, amaphuza anezindlela ezahlukene zokusebenza. Kungakhethi i-farm ephantsi kanye noma yisiphequluli esikhatsini, kungafumana imodeli ehambelana nayo ukuthi inike amandla angcono futhi ayisithawe kanye namathiyibhule. Ngaphezulu kwalokho, ukudizaynwa kwamathiyibhule kanye ne-chassis kwenziwe ukuthi kutholakale kuhulumeni oluhlu. Kungakhethi kuzindawo eziphelele kanye noma kuzindawo ezinembevu, kudinga ukuthi zisebenze kahle futhi zisebenze ngendlela ethulwane.
Amaharvester amayelana nezinduku zokuthola kungahlelwa ngokwandisa izindawo zokuthola ezahlukene ngokwesikati sezinduku nezimpendulo zokuthola, okwenza kungahle thola izinduku ezahlukene njenge-wheat, rice, kanye nezinkorankoran. Iindlela zokulandela amazi kungahlelwa kanye nokuhlelwa ngokwesikhathi esahlukene nezithunywa, izindlela zokulandela nezimpendulo zezinduku. Kungahle ukulandela amazi kahle kungase kutholakale kakhulu kungathi kusebenzisa le ndlela kakhulu ukulandela amazi kuzinduku.
(2) Ukuqondisa Okuphezulu
Kwemisebenzi yekhanda, izisebenziso eziphezulu zibaluleke kakhulu, futhi izinhini zokulima zisebenza ngokuhle kakhulu ngenhloso leyo. Izithuthiwe kungcola ukukhanya okuphezulu ukuntula, ukhawulo phakathi kwezindawo, nokuphakama kwamathlakathi ngemiphumela embi. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi amathlakathi aphawule ngokulinganisa kuleso, okuyindlela yokuthutha ukuphutha nokuthutha kwalokho kwezilwandle, kuyekisa ukuba kwezilwandle kanye nokhaya. Izinhleli zokubhota nazo kungcola ukubhota amabhota kuzindawo eziphakathi kwezilwandle ngokwesikhema sokubhota futhi ukubhota kwezilwandle, ukuvikela ukuthi amabhota ayikhwe ngisho nokuthi kwezilwandle ukuthola amabhota okungenawo.
Izihlabathi zokuthola izimpande zinokulawulwa ngokucophelela ubukhulu bokukhupha nezimpande futhi kwezinye izimo kubona ukuthola kwamagraini futhi ubekwe amagraini atholwe ayilungile neyifanele. Iizinhlobo ezithile zokudla zasegceke ngokucophelela kungqamisa amaglaswe kumasebenzisa imithonjana yokulawula nokupozithina ngokucophelela xa kudla ngokudla, ukuhlela ukusebenziswa kwezicelo futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwezimpande ngokuhlthi.
(3) Isantya Sokubekeka Ngokushesha
Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlayiya zasegceke zinokubekeka ngokushesha, okuhlela kakhulu ukusebenza. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezithile zezindlu elikhulu zinokubekeka ngokushesha xa zilayelela futhi ziyishintsha indawo kwezindlu. Ngokulawulwa okulungile kwezinhlobo futhi ukwabiwa okufanele kwezimali, zingakhiya ngokushesha kwezinye izikhathi, ukunciphisa isikhathi esetshenziswa ngendaweni yokuqala.
Izihlabathi zokungcola kufanele ziguqule ukucoca noma ukulayisha phakathi nazo xa zihamba nezisebenzisa emakhwelweni. Iindlela zabo zokuphinda ngokushesha zivumela ukuguqula ukucoca kwekhiye kwaye ukungena ngokushesha kwinqawatha elandelayo, okuyindlela yokugcinwa kwekhiye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhiye ngokubanzi. Ngokufanayo, izinhlobo zezixhobo zokuthenga izitho ekuhlaleni kwizitho kufanele nezilelo zokuphinda ngokushesha ukuze zihambisane ngokuvinjelwa phakathi kwamathisane nezitho kwaye ukuthenga ngokushesha, okuyindlela yokuthuthukiswa kwekhiye.
(4) Umkhawulo Omkhulu Wokusebenza
Umkhawulo omkhulu wokusebenza wamashini asemakhweni awuvumeli ukusebenza kwezikhala ezikhulu. Iisprinklari zingakuyilisa indawo enkulu yomhlaba ngokulayisha ngokuchanekileyo nezinhlelo zokulayisha, ukuyilisa ukungcola kwezikhala ezikhulu, ukuncipisa inani lezixhobo zokuhamba kwaye ukulayisha kwakhona, ukuncipisa amandla akunye netretime.
Amadroni wokulima, angasebenzisa isithuba sokuthi kuzokhala kuzwandle, nezindlela eziphezulu. Kungakhetha ukushayela amathimba, ukulandelela izilwane nokwenza izenzo eziningi kuzindawo eziphezulu zokulima ngokuthi kancane, futhi kungakhetha ukufakwa kwezindawo ezahlukene ngokwesivinini ngokuthi kwenzeke kahle. Kunezinhlobo ezikhulu zezinhlobo zokulima okunemoto kunezindlela eziphezulu zokusebenzisa izindlela zabo noma izinca zokusebenza, kungashayela izingqimba, ukwanda kwezilwane, ukuthwala amathimba nokwenza izenzo eziphezulu, kungaholela kuzindlela ezidingekayo zokusebenzela kwaye kuhole kweqina lekhiyaprodukthion yokulima.
3. Imicado yokusebenzisa izinhloso
Imithi yokulima iqhutywa indima ebalweni bezenzakalo zokulima. Kuzindawo ezikhulu zokulima izibhede, izisayizi zokulima ukhomba izithwala ngokucacileyo ngesikhathi sokulima ngomhla, ukulayela ubungo lwemvula elikhulu. Izihlabi zokulima ziphepha kakhulu kuzindawo zokulima ngeshoni lokuphela, zilima izilwane ezithile ngokushesha ukuze zinike izibhede zonke. Izindandathithi zilayela izithwala zokulima zokulima, ukulima, nokubekela amadoda kanye nezinto zokulima ngemva yokulima, ukulimala ukuthi inqanawa yezokulima ithulwe ngokulungileyo.
Kuzindawo zokulima izilwane, imithi yokuthola izilwane iyisebenzisa ukuphinda kwayo okushesha nokuphakama okukhulu ukuze ishipe kakhulu phakathi kwezilwane futhi ithole izilwane ngokushesha, ukuthulasela ukulima ngokwezinkampani. Ngokwesibonelo, izithwala zokulima nezithwala zokulima zinike amanzi kwezilwane ngokucacileyo ngokwesidingo lamanzi, ukulimala ukuthi izilwane zibe nezinkimbinkimbi nezinhloso.
Kwemathandwa ephuvelwe, izinhlobo encane zezinhlobo zokulima kwenza ukulima okujwayelekile, ukwanda, ukucitha amathanga kanye nezinye izindaba phakathi kwezindawo ezimfushane zokulima, ukufanisa nokuthulwa okujwayelekile kwezilwane. Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe zokunqamula kahle kusiza ukuthi izilwane zithole uhlobo oluthile kanye nesabelo sokuphila futhi sikhokhe ukulima okubanzi kwezilwane.
Kokubusa, izinhlobo zezinhlobo zokulima, ngokusho nokuthulwa kwezinhlobo, kubonwe ukuthi inikeza amandla aphezulu ekusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izindaba zokulima futhi ayisize kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ukulima okabaniwe.
