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Njengoba umqeshi wokuhlela ubunzima kwi industrisa yokuqakatha, ukuyenza ngendlela yokupheka kwezimpilili kizikhundla eziphakeme ayiyona kuphela i dagama lelukhuni kodwa yilungu elikhulu lokuphumelela kwi ndlela yokusebenza. Lapha kwizicaba zokusebenza eziphakeme ziyakwenzela ukuba zibe yimali. Iziphumo zokusebenza eziphakeme zilayini ezinhloso zokuthutha ngokuphelele izimpilili, izixhobo nezinto kizikhundla eziphakeme, zibangelwa ngokuthi ziyasebenzisa izicaba, i scaffold, okanye izicaba ezingenakukho. Kwiqakatha, apho 33% yezithelo ziyavela kizikhundla eziphakeme njengesicatshulwa sika OSHA, izicaba zokusebenza eziphakeme ziyaqinisekisa ukuba kungena kwezithelo. Umgqibo wam ngokupheka amaprothokholi kakhulu kwi zikhumbuzo ezininzi ziqinisekile ukuba izicaba zokusebenza eziphakeme ziyenza ukuba kwezithelo eziphakeme ziphumele 60% ngaphantsi kwazo ezisebenzisa nezindlela zokwenzela. Le gidiya iyakucacisa ukuthi kutheni izicaba zokusebenza eziphakeme zingcono kwiqakatha, iyakucacisa amaphawula aqoqwa ngokupheka, amathiphu okwenza okuphumelele kwezifanekiso, futhi kutheni ukuthi kungena kwezicaba zokusebenza eziphakeme kwi amaprothokholi yokuqiniseka kwiqakatha elungileyo.
Izimo zokuphepha kwezinhloso zasekela
Izinhloso zasekela zifaka phakathi izimo ezingu-10 ezenziwe ngokwehlakanipha ukuhlinzeka kwezindleko zokusebenza ngokuphezulu, ukwenza ngokuba ngcono kunezindlela zokufinyelela eziphambene.
Isimo esiphakeme sokuphepha kwezinhloso zasekela yisiplatfomu eseqenjwe, okuphazamisa ukungcono olukhona kuma-ladder noma kuma-scaffolding. Angithi i-ladder engayishebuka noma i-scaffold engayishintsha, izinhloso zasekela zinikeza indawo yokusebenzela ephelile, enenemilenze nezinye izimpandaba ezingayishebuke, ukungcola ukungena ngokungcono noma ngama-movement amancane. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa ngokuhlanganisa kwezinhloso zasekela-sistimu ye-outtrigger-izimpandaba ezifakwe ngaphakathi ezivumela izinhloso zasekela ukuthi zilale kahle, ukuthi zingakhalela kahle noma ngemhla engalingani, okuyisimo esikhundleni esikhona ku-ma-construction sites.
Ukucaciswa kwezintambo kungenhla yindlela esebenza ngokucopheza kwesikheli sokusebenza kumoto. Imodeli ezintsha ikuvumela abasebenzisi ukulungisa ukuphakama ngokuncane, ukulinda ukuba kube ngokuphelelwa noma ukushintshwa okungenzeka ukuba kungcono kwehlise. Lokhu kungenhla kubaluleke kakhulu xa kusebenzelwa nezilayini zokuvulelwa, izinjini ezingcono, noma ezinye izinhloso apho ukulungiswa ngokucopheza kudingeka. Izindlela zokulungisa zokulinganisa zisikheli sokusebenza kumoto zivumela ukuhamba okuphezulu kwebhoomu neplathifomi, ukunciphisa impilo yokuthi kuzo ukuthambiswa okungenzeka kwehlise abasebenzisi. Ngokufanayo, izinhlobo eziningi zezikheli sokusebenza kumoto zinezilimi zokuphakama okuvunywa ukuba kungaphume kwezimo eziphepha, lokhu kungenhla kuvunywa ukuba kube ngokuphelelwa.
Imicaba yokuphatha ubunzima kwiindlela zokusebenza zangena ngapakuphela kwezinyathelo ezihlathile: ukuphunzwa ngokuphezulu. Ngamnye umphumela wokusebenza wamandla anezinhloso ezifunda ubunzima kwiqonga, ekuvula izimpi fakuthi kuvule imisebenzi uma ubunzima obukhulu buphikwa. Le ndawo kuyindlela ebalulekileyo kwezokuhlinzwa, lapho abasebenzi baneedlula ukubetha amathuluzi nemigca embalwa kizindaweni ezithile. Iindlela zokusebenza zangena zokuphatha ubunzima zinikeza amaphutho aphakathi, ukuthi abantu ayikhathaze isebenza ngokweqile. Kunezinhlobo ezinhle zezindlela zokusebenza zangena ezibala ngokuzenzekela ubunzima obukhulu obungcono ngokusho ngokuphelile kweboom fakuthi ngenqanawe, zifakwa ngokuzenzekela kizindlela eziguqeka.
Imikhanismu yokuphepha kumaqondo enqatfweni yabantu kwenza ukuba yindlela yokuphepha kumaqondo enqatfweni yabantu. Bonke abathikeli bokusebenza kwenqatfu banezinhloko zokumisa ngokushesha- ezifinyelelwayo kwaqho kuzindaweni nekupheleni- kuvumela ukukhupha ngokushesha uma kubonakala ukuthi kuneqondo. Uma kungena amandla, imicu yamandla yesilinda yabantu kwenqatfu yenqatfu yabantu yekhambi yekhambi yekhambi yekhambi yekhambi yenqatfu yabantu kuvumela ukulandela ngokuphephile, ukukhinda ukuba kungena kwenqatfu. Abathikeli abaningi bokusebenza kwenqatfu banezinhloko zokuphepha, njengezinhloko zokulandela futhi, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthola abantu abasebenza kwenqatfu uma kudinga. Lezi zindlela zokuphepha zenza ukuba yindlela yokuphepha kumaqondo enqatfweni yabantu kuye kube yindlela yokuphepha kumaqondo enqatfweni yabantu.
Ukuvutha kwezibonakaliso kwehlobo lokusebenza kwezimpandla kudla izingo zokuthi kuthintanenwe phakathi nokusebenza. Icamashini ezithiwe kwehlobo lokuqeqeshwa kwezimpandla, kanye ne-chassis zinikeza abasebenzisi izibonakaliso ezingu-360-degree, zihilisa izindawo ezingakwaziwa lapho kuhlolwa emakhaya aphawulwayo. I-sensor zokugcina izimpi zinikeza isaziso kubasebenzisi mayelana nezimpilo, izinhlobo, noma izandvolo ezingezindaweni, ukuthintana kwezinye izinto ezingakwazi ukuthi kuthintanenwe kwehlobo lokusebenza kwezimpandla noma ukuthi kwehlise abasebenzisi. Lezi zici zinhleke kakhulu emkhakheni yokudla kwezokuhlanganisa izindlela nezinhlobo eziphumelelayo, lapho izindlela nezinhlobo eziningi zisebenza ngokuvamile, ukuthi kuhle kakhulu ukuthi kusebenzwe uhlobo lokufinyelela okwenzelwe ngendlela yokusebenzisa izimpawu.
Izimpawu Zokwenza Ukuqaphela Ukuphepha Kwehlobo Lokusebenza kwezimpandla
Iqoqo lokuphepha kwehlobo lokusebenza kwezimpandla kubonakala ngokubangelwa yinkimbetho yayo, nezinhlelo zokwenza ezihlukileyo zinikeza ukuthi kusebenze kakhulu emaphandlweni aphawulwayo.
Imitha yokwenza kwezimali ezikhulu iyahlula umphumela wokwenza umoya oqinileyo. Abasebenzisa amaloyi wamandla wokwenza amandla nezakameli, ekunikeza uhlobo lwezimali okuningi lokuqinileyo okungahayi noma kwehluleka ngenkathi kusebenza. Iinkomo eziphambiliyo zomoya oqinileyo - izilindlela zokulayisha, amaphoyinti wokubandakanya, neenzinzi zokulawulwa - zenziwe ngemitha yokwanelwa kwezimali, ekunikeza ukuthi zisebenze ngendlela ethembekileyo nangokuba kuthiwe kwezilwanyana, ukubonakala, nokucaca kwezimali. Le ncamelo yezimali iyakuvumela umoya oqinileyo ukuba akhuthaze ubulungiswa bokuphepha ngokwazo yalo, ngokweqile kwiindlela ezithuthwa ngokuphindaphindayo okuphoyileyo.
Ukuphuhlisa okuphezulu kwezinhlayiya zokusebenza kwezinhlayiya zokugcina umoya kwezinhlayiya zokusebenza kwezinhlayiya zokugcina umoya, ukwehlisa ukulaywa nokuphula okungaba yindlela yokulungiswa. Kwezinyathelo zokusebenza ngamunye, kuchithwa isigqibo sezinga lokushisa kwezinga lokushisa kwezinga lokusebenza kanye nezinga lokushisa kwezinga lokusebenza, ukusekela ukuthi kungase kuthole isimo esikhulu ngaphandle kwekwehla. Izinga lokushisa ezinhlayiyeni zokugcina umoya kwezinhlayiya zokusebenza kwezinhlayiya zokugcina umoya zikhishwa kwezinhlayiya ezincane, ukwehlisa ukulaya okuphambene noma ukusebenza okungavunyelwa. Le nkqubo yokuphuhlisa iyabelana nokusebenza okuphezulu: izinhlayiya zokusebenza zokugcina umoya ziyavumelana ngokuphezulu nezindlela zokusebenzela, ukwehlisa inani lokulaywa okungaba yindlela yokulungiswa. Abasebenzisa futhi abakhelwe kwezinhlayiya ezifanayo ezinhlayiyeni zokugcina umoya, ukusekela ukuthi isistimu esibonakalayo isebenzisa uma isistimu esiyisodwa iphule.
Ukulandelana nezimo zokuphepha kwemhlabeni kuyindlela engenakubuywa yekhiqizweni kwamagadi okusebenza kancane. Ngamagadi okusebenza kancane kumele ikhwinde noma iphumelele izimo ezisetshenziswa ngu-OSHA, ANSI, ne-ISO, abo bavumela izimo zokuthuthukiswa, amandla okulayisha, nezimo zemigwaqo yezokwelapha. Lokhu kuvikliwa ngokuvavanya kwekati elilodwa, lapho umkhumbi wokusebenza kancane uvavanywa ngokuphindwe kwezindleko zokulayisha kaphakade, ukuvavanya ukuthuthukiswa kuzindawo ezinemvabo, nezindleko zokuthula ezibonisa iminyaka engu-10 yokusebenzela ngokukhulu. Imiphumela ngu-10 kuyekhaya yokusebenza kancane engenakubuza kuphela ukuthi yisiphepha kodwa kuyekhaya ekhombisa ngokuthembekile ukusebenza ngokuphela kuzindleko ezinkulu. Kumaqembisi olunye, lokhu kuvikliwa kunceda ukuthi ikhaya yokusebenza kancane ikhwinde izimo zokuphepha ezijwayelekile.
Imithetho yokuvikela ngokugqamileyo kusetyenziswa kwemvelo yokudlala ngokwenza umkhiqizo wokudlala kwenkqubo yokuqala ukufumana izimo ezingekho ngaphambili kwaye zizakugqithwa kummandla. Abasebenzisi bahlukanisa ngokupheleleyo kwezinye zemvelo yokudlala ngokwenza umkhiqizo wokudlala ukuvikela okuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zilandele ukugcinwa. Ukuvikela okuqinisekisa ukuphela kwezakhono—kwi -40 ° F ukuya kwi 120 ° F—kuvikela ukuba izakhono zemvelo yokudlala zokudlala, iindlela nezilayiseni zisebenza kuzo zonke iinklima. Ezi zivikelo zokugcinwa kubonisa ukuba imvelo yokudlala iyagcinwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwezimo zokumelene nezimo, oku ngumgangatho oqilanga kakhulu kummandla wokudlala kuzo zonke iindlela. Ngokonge, isoftware kwiimvumelelo yemvelo yokudlala iyavikwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye iindlela ezininzi zokusebenza zivakalwe ukusilela ukungcola okungenzeka ukuba yindlela engenazo.
Injiniya yokulula kuhlela ukuthi iviwo lekugcina kwenziwe ngokuhlonishwa ngemva kwezinsizakwana zokusebenza. Iviwo lekugcina leboom yenziwa isicelo sokulula, ukunqamula nokubeka phandle okuphindwe kabisho ukuthola amaphoyinti amabiweyo kwezilima noma kwezinhlobo. Amaphoyinti wokugcina enziwe ngokuthi anesilindlela yokulubela okwaziwa ukuthi kunciphise ukulula, kuhlela ukusebenza okuphumelelayo okudingekayo ukulula ngokuhlonipha. Le ndlela yokudizayna kusho ukuthi iviwo lekugcina likhumbula izindawo zokulula noma emva kwezinsizakwana eziningi zokulula okukhulu, ngasemva kwalokho iviwo elingeniweyo enziwa amakhulu noma iviwo lekugcina nezixhobo eziphansiweyo. Kumaqembu olulawulayo ubungozi, le ukulula kusho ukuthi ubungozi bokulula bubeleke kakhulu emva kwezinsizakwana zokulula, kunciphisa ubungozi bokulula okuholela kwezixhobo ngemva kwezinsizakwana.
Isiphetho
Kubantu abasebenzisa umugangatho wokhokho kwezokwelapha, ivihikili lefuku liphakathi kungase kube yilapho kodwa umqondo wokuphepha kwezokwelapha. Iinkawuntula ezihlentisayo - amaphlatfomu amiqandi, amakhontrola amathathu, imifanekiso yokuphatha ubunzima, izinhlelo zokuthwalwa kwezinyathelo, nezindlela zokuthola umbono olungileyo - zihlinza ngqo izinto eziphela kakhulu ukwenza amathathu kwezokwelapha, ngakho ke ivihikli lefuku liphakathi lithile kakhulu ukuphepha abasebenzi. Iindlela zokwenza ivihikli lefuku liphakathi - amadatha amathathu, ukulungisa ngokucacileyo, ukwembelela kwezokwelapha, nokulungiswa okuphakade - zihlinza ukuthi le nkwento zokuphepha zenzeke ngendlela ethile kakhulu kumaqondo amathathu kwezindlu zokwelapha. Ngokuba ngumuntu oyo wembelekile ukuthintwa amathathu nokuphela kwezokwelapha, ngibona kanjani ivihikli lefuku liphakathi iyenza umphumo wezokwelapha: izicelo ezinamathathu kwezokwelapha kuvihikli lefuku liphakathi kunezinto eziphansi, izindleko zokuyekwa kwezokwelapha ziphansi, nezimali zasebenzwa zinconywa ngempela. Kuhleli lapho kuthathwa okukungqiwa kungenxa yokuvalwa okukungqiwa, ivihikli lefuku liphakathi iyinto ekuwomsebenzini yokuthatha isikhundla. Ngokuthiwa ivihikli lefuku liphakathi kuzindlela zokuphepha, izindlu zokwelapha zenza umphumo wokuphepha abasebenzi okungapheli ukuphela kwezokwelapha - uthuthukisa ukuphila kwezindlu nezimali zazo ezikhathini eziningi: abantu. Iindlela zokuthiwa ziyindle: lapho kuxhunywe ukwelapha kwezokwelapha, ivihikli lefuku liphakathi ayikho kuphela okuthile - kodwa ayikho.