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Ukukhetha umixha wamanzi owodwa ngokupheleleyo kwezindlela zokubhala amandla kuyisahluko esikhulu kakhulu sokuthi uyakwenza ngokubhala amandla. Ukukhetha umixha wamanzi owodwa ngokupheleleyo kuyakubangela ukungafanele, ukuvutha kwezindlela zokubhala amandla, ukuzimisa izindlela zokubhala amandla, nokungafanele kwezindlela zokubhala amandla. Uma unyakaza isibhakabhaka esincane sokuhlela indlu noma isibhakabhaka esikhulu sokubhala amandla, ukuziqonda ukuthi yini okufanele ukwenza ukuqondisa ukuthi umixha wamanzi owodwa ngokupheleleyo kuyakusiza ukuthi isibhakabhaka sibe yilapho futhi sibe yilapho ngokupheleleyo. Umixha wamanzi owakhekha ngokupheleleyo kuyakubangela ukuthi izindlela zokubhala amandla ziyabhalwa ngokupheleleyo, ukuthi izindlela zokubhala amandla ziyabhalwa ngokupheleleyo, nokuthi isibhakabhaka sibe yilapho ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuqonda ukuthi yini inkulu yomkhombisi wamanzi kusobala ngokuphakanyiswa kokubona kwezinkinga zakho zokusebenza. Kufanele uhlale ukubona ivolimwethu eliphelele lemanzi, izilinganiso zokuproducwa ngusuku, isitha se-manzi esisebenzisa, nokusebenza kwesikhundla. Umkhombisi wamanzi ongafanele ukuba ngu-ndani kakhulu kuzoba kufuneka kwenziwe amaphuzu amaningi, okuzoba kuhlanza isikhathi futhi kuzoba kuvula izindlela zokusebenza. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umkhombisi wamanzi ongafanele ukuba ngu-khulu kakhulu uzoba kuhlanza amandla, uzoba kuchitha indawo eyinkulu, futhi kuzoba kusebenza ngaphandle kwezinye izingxenye zokusebenza yakho, okuzoba kudibanisa izindlela zokuthenga noma ukulendla izinkampani eziningi kumthwalo wakho.
Ukuqonda Ukukhulu Kwemkhombisi Wamanzi Nokufuna Ivolumu
Ukubala Ivolumu Eliphelele Le-Manzi
Umbono wokukhetha umshakeli weconcrete uyisibonelo sokubona ukuthi kufanele ubheke konke ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe yini ukuthi kwenziwe concrete kule proyekthi. Bala isilinganiso sesivolumu ngokubhalisa ubude, ububanzi, nobude bezone zonke ezizokwenzwa kona concrete, emva kwalokho zihlanganise lezi zinhlobo ukuze ufunde isivolumu esingaphansi kweyardi esikhulu noma emeteri esikhulu. Yenza le sivolumu esikhulu kuze kube yizinhlobo zezinsuku ngokuzimela kwezinsuku zokusebenza kwe proyekthi yakho. Uma proyekthi yakho ifuna i-500 cubic yards yomshakeli weconcrete okusakhiwe kuma-10 ezinsuku zokusebenza, kufanele ube neumshakeli weconcrete owenziwa ukwenza ngokwegcwele i-50 cubic yards ngosuku, ngokubona isikhathi sokusakha, izinkinga zokuhlanza, nokuphazimula kwesimo sezulu.
Ngaphandle kokuthi wazi ubukhulu bekho besikhundla sokuzilungiselela ngosuku, faka amathuba okuthi ubukhulu bekho besikhundla sokuzilungiselela ngokupheleleyo kwe-concrete mixer yakho. I-concrete mixer ene-drum enenkulu iyakuvumela ukuzilungiselela izinto eziningi ngokupheleleyo kwe-cycle yekhanda, kubeka inani lezikhanda ezidingekayo ngosuku. Isibonelo, i-concrete mixer ene-capacity ya-10 cubic yard iyakuzilungiselela izikhanda ezingama-5 ezingcono ngosuku, ngakho-ke i-concrete mixer ene-capacity ya-3 cubic yard iyadinga izikhanda ezingama-16 noma zingaphezulu ukuze kufikelele ku-same daily target. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ngqo ukusebenza kwabantu, ubukhulu bekho besikhundla sokuzilungiselela kwezinkambo, nokuthi kuyiphi indlela yokusebenza yeprojekthi.
Ukulinganisa Ubukhulu Bekho Besikhundla Sokuzilungiselela Nokudala Kweprojekthi
Ukugcina kweprojekthi kubandlulayo kakhulu ukuthi ubukhulu bekhiyankambo yemixholo yezinkokhelo ziyakwenzela ukuthi ibe yimfihlo yezimali. Amaprojekthi okugcina ngeminyaka engaphansi kwezinsuku ezingu-3 ayakwenzela ukuthi uthengise ikhiyankambo enkulu yezinkokhelo zezinkokhelo ngoba uzokwenzela ukuthi isilinganiso sezimali sokuthenga sibuyiselwe ngokuphelele ngokuphelele kwezinkokhelo ezingaphezulu kusuku oluphezulu. Amaprojekthi okugcina ngeminyaka ayakwenzela ukuthi usebenzise ikhiyankambo encane yezinkokhelo zezinkokhelo eyodwa ngokuphelele, okuyakwenzela ukuthi isebenze ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokungasebenzi. Ikhiyankambo yezinkokhelo eyodwa ngama-8 cubic yards ngalokho kuyisifundo esihle kusuku sobili sokufaka izinkokhelo zezinkokhelo, kodwa ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokuphelele kusuku soba tholakala ngokuphelele kwezinkokhelo zezinkokhelo ngomnyaka wesi-3 lapho izinkokhelo zezinkokhelo ziyagcina ngokuphelele.
Ukuqondisa ukuthi isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-concrete mixer sifuna ukubhekwa ngokuphelele xa kuyisikhathi sokuplanisha isikhathi sokuphatha kweprojekthi. Amasikhathi amaningi ayadlala ngokwesikhathi esingaphansi, abasebenza ngokwesikhathi esingaphansi ngokwesikhathi esingaphansi emva kwalokho abahlale abe nesikhathi sokuvutha. Ezinye ziyadlala ngokwesikhathi esihle kuzo zonke izikhathi zokusebenza eziningi. Uma iprojekthi yakho iyadinga ukuthenga isikhathi esihle kwe-concrete ngemizuzu eminingi ngosuku, ukukhetha isikhathi sokusebenza ngokwesikhathi esihle kwe-concrete mixer kungakhathalisa ukungafani kwezinhlelo zokusebenza, ukungasebenzi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza, nokuthenga izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingakwazi ukuthi zilungele isikhathi sokuphatha kwakho.
Ukubheka i-Power Supply, i-Space Constraints, ne-Operational Logistics
Ukubheka i-Power Resources evelayo
Ukuhlanganisa amandla kusendaweni yakho yokusebenza kubhekisele kakhulu kuzo ziziphi iimodeli zemixha yebhetha ezinokwenzeka. Imixha yebhetha ezenziwa ngamandla ayisithathu (three-phase) zidinga amandla angamandla emvelo (industrial power) kumazwi amaningi, okungakwaziwa kumazwe osebenzela ngokupheleleyo noma kumazwe apho akukho phando lomsebenzi. Imixha yebhetha ezenziwa ngodisel noma ngogasoline ibonakala njengoko iyasebenza ngokwanele kanye neyasebenza ngaphandle kwamandla angamandla, kodwa kuyabiza izindlela zokuthenga izinkulungwane zokusebenza kanye nezindlela zokuhlela. Imixha yebhetha oyayikhetha kufanele ihambane nezinhlobo zamandla esendaweni yakho. Uma amandla angamandla ayisithathu (three-phase power) akukho kusendaweni, kukhulu ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa imixha yebhetha enkulu eyadinga lezi zinhlobo zamandla, okuyisibopho sokunqoba ukuthenga imixha yebhetha encinci neyasebenza ngokwanele, okuyahambana nezinhlobo zamandla ayisinye (single-phase power).
Ngaphandle kwehlobo lokusebenza, qinisekisa ukuthi isikhumba sokubhala isibonelo sesikhathi sokusebenza ngokulingana nokuthi uyakwenza yini. Isikhumba sokubhala esinemiphumela emihle kuyabeka izindlela zokulawula izindlela zokusebenza, ikakhulu ekupheleni kweminyaka eyadlule. Amasikhumba amathathu asezingeni lezinsukwane ayasebenzisa amotori okuguqula umsukela wokusebenza ukuze abeke umsukela wokusebenza ngokulingana nesilinganiso, futhi kuyabeka izindlela zokulawula izindlela zokusebenza ngokulingana nokuthi uyakwenza yini. Qhathanisa isikhumba sokubhala se-kilowatt noma se-horsepower ngokulingana nesilinganiso sokubhala ukuze uthole izindlela zokulawula izindlela zokusebenza ngokulingana nokuthi uyakwenza yini. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi isikhumba sokubhala seningi kangakanani esibonelo sesikhathi sokusebenza ngokulingana nokuthi uyakwenza yini.
Ukuthintana nezindawo zokusebenza nezindawo zokusebenza
Isikhundla esiphakathi kwesikhulu sakho sokusebenza sisikhethekile kakhulu ukubhala isizinga sezinkampani zokuphakama kwezinkampani zokufaka amasimbi kulokho okukhomba ukuthi kufanele kube yini. Amaprojekthi wezokubhala emizini, amaprojekthi wokuguqula izindlu zasekhaya, nokwakha kwezindawo ezingaphakathi zingafuni isikhundla sokubhala izinkampani ezikhulu zokuphakama. Kulezi zindawo, izinkampani ezincane zokuphakama ziyadingeka ngokuphelele nakuba zihlala zisika ukuphakama kwesikhathi esifana nesikhathi sokuphakama kweprojekthi. Bhalisa isikhundla esiphakathi, bheka isikhundla sokugcina amasimbi nokusebenza, futhi qinisekisa ukuthi kukhona isikhundla esifanele emuva kwesinkampani sokuphakama ukwenza ukuzivikela, ukuzivikela, nokuvikela umsebenzisi. Isinkampani sokuphakama esingaphakathi kakhulu sibhala isikhundla sokusebenza futhi isikhundla sokuvikela esingavikeli kakhulu kusukela kusikhathi sokuphakama kweprojekthi.
Kwakhiwa, qinisekisa izindlela zokufika kwezilayishu zokuthenga isikrithi nezilayishu zokuthenga isikrithi esiseduze. Amaphoyisa amaningi ayanele amaphoyisa okungafihli ngamaphoyisa okungafihli noma imikhawulo yezindawo ezihlukene ezingavumeli ukuthenga isikrithi ngokuphelele, okuyinto ekubangeni kakhulu ukuthenga isikrithi esikhulu kakhulu. Isikrithi esikhulu kakhulu singabonakala sibonakala ngokuphelele kusenzo lwezinhlobo, kodwa singaba yisimo esingasoloko sokuthenga ngokuphelele ngokuphathelene nokulingana kwesikhundla. Yenza umhlangozi wokugcina isikhundla kabusha ngaphambi kokuthenga isikrithi ukuze usivikele ukuthenga izinkampani ezingasoloko kusenzo lwezinhlobo ngokuphathelene nokuthenga kwakho.
Ukuphatha Ukuthenga Isikrithi Esifanele Nokuthenga Izimboni Zokusebenza
Ukukhetha Phakathi Kwesikrithi Esithunywa Nasezindaweni
Amixha ephakathi kwezinkampani ezinokuthanda ukuguqula, ukuthi zihambisane ngokuphelele, noma kunezindawo ezingafanele ukuthi zibekwe phakathi kwezindawo zokusebenza. Lezi zixhoba ziyasebenza kusukela ku-3 ku-10 cubic yards kanye nokuthi kuzothathwa phakathi kwezindawo zokusebenza eziningi. Amixha wezinkampani ephakathi kwezinkampani ziyathola umkhawulo wokusebenza okuhle kubaphathi abasebenza ngamaphuzu amaningi noma kuzo zizindawo ezingaziwa ngokuphelele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amixha esikhundla esingasemthwakweni ayabekwa phakathi kwezindawo zokuproducwa kwezinkampani futhi ayasebenza ngamaphezu kwe-12 ku-20 cubic yards noma kungenye. Umkhawulo wamixha owakho uyaphenduka ngokuphatha kwakho nokuphatha kwakho kwezinkampani.
Kumaphuzu amaningi, namaphuzu athile ngokuphelele, i umnikheli weencane kunqonda kwezinkambo zokufaka emaphakathi kuyasebenza ngokomnotho ngokuthi izindlela zokuthenga noma ukuzilendela ziyatholakala kusukela emibhalweni yezinhlangano ezingaphezulu. Kumaqembu amancane noma amaqembu okusebenza kusukela kusukela, umkhawulo wokusebenzisa isikhumba sokubhala isikhwama esingasemaphakathini kuyasebenza ngokuthi kungabonakali kakhulu ukusebenza kwezinhlangano. Bheka isikhumbuzo sakho sokubhala isikhwama, izikhathi ezizokuhlala kuzo izinkambo zokusebenza, nokuthuthukisa kwesikhumbuzo sakho phambi kokuthi ubhekiswe kumazwi amabili. Isikhumbuzo sokubhala isikhwama—noma kuthengwa noma kuzilendelwa—kufanele kuhambisane nezinhlangano zakho zokusebenza nokuthi kuzobhekwa kusukela kusukela.
Ukuhlola Ukubhala Isikhwama Nokuthi Kuyisifunda Sokuphatha
Ukubhala kwe-concrete mixer kuthinta ukungena kwemithombo yokuqala, futhi kuthinta ukulinganisa kwezinto zokusebenza ne-ukubhala kwezibalo. Amixers amakhulu ane-time yokubhala okuphakade kungamenza ukubhala kwezinto zokusebenza ngokufanayo, ikakhulu emixweleni engeziwe ngezinkampani eziningi, izinkampani zokugcina, noma izinkampani zokugcina zokusebenza ngokwezinye. Umixer we-concrete ongena ngokungafanele kwenza i-concrete ephakanyiswa apho izinkampani ezikhulu zihlukana kusuka kwe-paste, kubonakalisa ukungasebenzi kwezinkinga. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isikhathi eside sokubhala emixweleni engeziwe kuyabulawa umthelela wokusebenza futhi kuyadlula isikhathi sokusebenza ngokungafanele. Umixer we-concrete wakho kufanele akhange isikhathi sokubhala esifanele kwezibalo zakho zokusebenza.
Izindlela zokusebenza zemixha yebhethi zihlanganisa isikhathi sokukhupha, izilinganiso zemithombo ephakanyisiweyo, nokuthenga kwezinkambo zokubhekisa umsebenzi. Imixha yebhethi emihle iphakamisa ukungafanele kwezinto ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokukhupha ezinembile okuhlanganisa isilinganiso esiphakade sokukhupha kwesikili sokubhetha. Imininingwane yemixha yebhethi ihlanganisa izisifundo zokubhetha ozokuzibhetha ngazo okuzokhupha ngokuzenzakalelayo i-cement, i-aggregates, nezilwane ngokulinganisa isilinganiso sokubhetha, kususela kwezilinganiso zokubhetha ngokwesandla. Ezinye zihlanganisa izicelo zokubhetha ozokubhekisa izilinganiso zokubhetha kabefore kokukhupha, okuhlanganisa ukuthi izilinganiso ziyahlala zihlukene ngokuhlukahluka kwezikhathi zokubhetha. Lezi zindlela zokusebenza zihlanganisa ukukhetha imixha yebhethi enkulu kunezinye noma enzima kunezinye uma zizokuvikela ukusebenza kahle kwezinye, ukungafanele kwezinto, noma ukungafanele kwezindawo zokubhetha.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ngini ngokubala isayizi yemixha yebhethi oyidinga kule projekthi?
Qala ngokubala umkhawulo wakho wokuqondisa wasekhiyini ngamayunidi yezinkulungwane zokuphakama noma ngamayunidi yezinkulungwane zokuphakama ngokuthatha izindawo zonke ezizokufuna ukuphakama. Yenza umahluko walesi sikhawulo ngumkhawulo wakho wokusebenza ngeminyaka yokusebenza ukuze uthole isikhawulo sokuproducwa ngosuku. Emva kwalokho, yenza umahluko wesikhawulo sokuproducwa ngosuku ngokubhalwa kwesikhawulo sokuproducwa ngosuku ukuze uthole isikhawulo sokuproducwa ngosuku. Bheka isikhawulo sokuseta kwesifunda, isikhawulo sokufaka imithombo, nokuphakama kwesikhawulo xa ubhalwa isikhawulo sokuproducwa ngosuku. Ekugcineni, yongeza isikhawulo sokuphakama esingaba phakade kwe-15-20% kusikhawulo sokuphakama sokufundisa ukuphakama ukuze kubhekwe ukuguqula kwesikhawulo sokusebenza nokuzimisela izinto ezingafaniyo. Lokhu kuchaza indlela eyodwa yokuthi isikhawulo sokuphakama sokufundisa ukuphakama siyaphakanyiswa ngokuphelele nesikhawulo sokuproducwa kwakho.
Izinto eziphansi zokukhetha isikhawulo sokuphakama esingaphansi kunezidingo noma esikhulu kunezidingo ziziphi?
Umshayeli wokubhakha owanele ngokungafanele kusondeza iminyaka yezindaba, kubuyisa izindleko zokusebenza ngokuphinda-phinda kwezindlela zokubhakha, futhi kungase kubuyeke umsebenzi wokuphinda-phinda ukuze kufikelele emazini. Umqondo wokubhakha uyaphila lapho kubhakhiwe ngokushesha kubhakha okungafanele kwezinhlobo zokubhakha noma isikhathi esingafanele sokubhakha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umshayeli wokubhakha owanele ngokuphelele ubhakha amandla, ubhakha indawo enkulu engasikwenzela izinkinga ezinye, futhi kungase kubhakhele ngaphandle kwezinsuku zokubhakha okuncane, kubuyisa izindleko zemithombo ngalinye lezinhlobo zokubhakha. Izinto zombili zibuyisa ukungafanele kwezindaba futhi ukungafanele kwemisebenzi. Ukukhetha umshayeli wokubhakha owanele ngokuphelele kubalances iphakade yokuproducwa ngokuphelele kwezindleko futhi ukusebenzisa indawo ngokuphelele ukuze kubhekwe konke kwezindaba.
Ngifanele ngicashiswe noma ngithenge umshayeli wokubhakha wesindaba yami?
Ukuthenga kuyasebenza kubaprojekthi okuphansi kwezinsuku ezisixhenxe apho izindlela zokuthenga izinkampani ne-ukugcina kwezinto ziyakwenzeka ngokungafanele. Ukuthenga kufuneka kwenziwe ngabaprojekthi abaningi abayisebenza ngokuhlanganisa noma kubaprojekthi obude apho isikhumba sesilika sisebenza ngokuphelele futhi sibone isiphumo esihle sokuthenga. Bala izindlela zokuthenga zonke kubantu abathengayo, kubantu abathengayo, ukugcina, ukugcina, ukuthenga, nokuthenga kwezinto zokuthenga ngokuphelele ngokuphelele kwezinsuku zokusebenza kweprojekthi yakho. Kube yizinye izindlela zokuthenga, ukuthenga isikhumba sesilika kuyasebenza kubantu abathengayo ukuthenga kakhulu futhi kususa ukuthenga kwezinto zokuthenga, ngakho ukuthenga kuyasebenza kuphela lapho izindlela zokuthenga ziyakhula ngaphezu kwe-60-70% ngonyaka kubaprojekthi abaningi.