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Isithombe sesikhumba esingaphansi sisebenza njengesikhumba esisodwa kakhulu nokubonakala ngokulinganayo kwezindlela zokususa nokufaka kabusha amapavimenti e-asphalt emazwe okuphatha izinsiza. Uma unqamuka ukuphatha ukuzivikela kwezindlu, ukuvikela amaparking lot, noma ukuphatha izindlela zasezulwini, ukuzazi izinkhondo zokusebenzisa isithombe sesikhumba esingaphansi kuyisidingo sokuthola izinkambo zokuthenga izinkambo. Lokhu kuchitha kwenzeke kubonakalisa indlela yokuphatha izinkambo nezindlu zokuphatha izinsiza ukuphatha izinsiza, nokunika iziphumo eziningi zokuthengisa nokugcinwa kwelanga ezinconywa kakhulu kunezinye zokususa isandla.
Utechnoloji yokuqondwa kwe-mashini yokukhupha amaphuzu ngokuchitha kuyavumela abasebenzisi ukususa ngokucacile amaphuzu ayo aphuthiwe ngokuchitha, ngakho-ke ukugcina izinto ezihlukene zokubeka. Lokhu kukucacile kwezindlela zokusebenza ngokuchitha kungabonisa ukuthi i-machines yokukhupha amaphuzu ngokuchitha ziyahlinzekile kumaqondo okuzimela. Ngokufunda ukuthi yini okwenza i-machines yokukhupha amaphuzu ngokuchitha ibalulekile kwezinhlelo zakho, ungakhombisa ngokucacile ukuthi lezi zikhilimane ziyahlanganisa nezinhlelo zakho zeziprojekthi, iziphakade zemali, nokuthi ziyahlanganisa nezinhlelo zokuhlinzeka kwendalo. Iziphumo ziyagcinwa kuzo zonke izindawo: ukuthenga, ukubuyisela amaphuzu, ukulandela izimali zokuhlinzeka kwendalo, nokuphila kweziprojekthi ngokudala.
Ukuhlinzeka Kwezinkambo Zokukhupha Amaphuzu Nokubuyiselwa Kwazo
Ukuvutha Okuphelele Kwezinkambo Zokukhupha Amaphuzu Ngokusebenzisa I-Machine Yokukhupha Amaphuzu Ngokuchitha
Indawo eyinkulu yokuthuthukisa kwezinkinga zokusebenzisa imashini yokumshayela emhlanweni yikuthi iyakwakha indawo yomkhakha wokubuyisela umkhakha wokuphatha amaphetheli ngokupheleleyo, okungakhathaliseki ukusebenzisa kwakho kwezinye izindawo zokuphatha amaphetheli. Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izindlela zokuphulula okuzoyiphulula umkhakha wokuphatha amaphetheli kumaqhebe angafanele, imashini yokumshayela emhlanweni iyamshayela umkhakha wokuphatha amaphetheli ngendlela efanele, yodwa isimo sokubuyisela umkhakha wokuphatha amaphetheli. Lokhu kubuyiselwa umkhakha wokuphatha amaphetheli, okusho kakhulu ngokubuyiselwa umkhakha wokuphatha amaphetheli (RAP), kungabizwa ngokuthi kubuyeke 20–40% yezinhlobo zokuphatha amaphetheli ezintsha, okunqamuka kakhulu ukunqamuka kwezinto zokuphatha amaphetheli ezingenayo nezinto zokuphatha amaphetheli.
Isimayini sokukhupha esibhakabhaka isikhomishana sesifundisa ngokuthi sithola isibonelo esihle kakhulu ngokugcina izinto ezizokwenzeka ukuthi zibe yizinto ezingavumelekileyo futhi ziyakwenzeka ukuthi zibe yizinto ezibalulekileyo. Abaprojekthi bangathabatha isibhakabhaka sobuchwepheshe bokukhupha ukuze bakhulise kusasa noma bavulela kumaphlanti we-buchwepheshe, okuyakwenzela ukuthi bafunde imali eyodwa. Ukubaluleka kwezinto ne-ukuhle kwezinto ezitholakala ngokusebenzisa isimayini sokukhupha esibhakabhaka kuyakuvuma kubaprojekthi abaqinisekile kakhulu ngokuhle kwezinto abazofuna ukuziqinisekisa ukuthi ziyasebenza ngokuphelele kwezinhloso ze-ASTM zokusebenzisa izinto ezizokubuyiselwa kwezinhloso zokufaka izinto. Lokhu kuyakunciphisa izindleko zomsebenzi ngokushesha futhi kuyasiza ekubeni kubhekwe kwezinhloso zokudonsa umhlaba.
Ukunciphisa Ukufuna Kwemithambo Nezinkampani Zokubamba
Ngokuvumela amaphesenti amaningi ase-RAP kubhakhiwe emishini entsha, imishini yokuqondisa emhlabeni ekhanyayo iyinika indlela yokuphepha ukuthi kusebenzise amagregathi amasha ne-asphalt cement. Lokhu kuphepha kunciphisa ukuthi abasendisani bafuna ngaphandle kwezinto zokusebenza, futhi kuyinika ubuhlungu obukhulu kubudlelwano bokuthi kuzoba ngezinto ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza. Umsebenzisi wemishini yokuqondisa emhlabeni ekhanyayo unako ukulungisa izinkampani zokugcina ukuthi kubhekiswe kubunzima bezinto zokusebenza, ukuze izinto zokubuyisela ziyifanele kubizo zokusebenza zezinto zokusebenza zokufaka. Izindleko zokuhambisa zinganciphisa futhi ngoba kunezinto zokusebenza ezingasho ezidingekile ukuthi zihambiswe kuizindawo zokusebenza, okuyinika indlela yokuthi kubhekiswe kubunzima kwezindleko yokusebenzisa imishini yokuqondisa emhlabeni ekhanyayo ngaphezu kwezindleko zokususa ngendlela eyisisekelo.
Ukuphakamisa Ukusebenza Kwezinkundla nokuthuthukisa Ukusebenza
Ukushisa nokuphepha kwezinto zokusebenza zokususa
Imishini yokuqondisa emhlabathini isebenza ngokushesha kakhulu kungekho ukususa ngendlela yokusebenzisa amandla okuhleli noma imishini yokuqondisa yezindaba zokuphakamisa, futhi kubhekiswe kuzo izikhathi zomsebenzi. Imishini yokuqondisa emhlabathini yesikhathi samandla inokuprosesa izinye zezindawo ezinkulu ngokugcina indawo eyodwa ngaphansi kokugcina ubude obuyidinga, futhi ngokuvamile inokususa i-2,000 tons yase-asphalt ngosuku ngokujuluka nokuhlelo kwemishini. Lokhu kubhekiswe kuzo izindlela zokunciphisa izikhathi zokusebenza, izindlela zokunciphisa izindlela zokubhokhiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi ukugcina umsebenzi ngokushesha, okuvumela abasebenzi bakhululeka ukufika ekuphakameni noma ekubuyiseleni kwezindawo ngaphandle kwezindlela zokuzimisa. Ubuciko beshini yokuqondisa emhlabathini buyabhekiswe kuzo izindlela zokunciphisa izinkinga zokukhula ngokuphakamisa, futhi kunciphisa ukubuyisela kwezinkinga zokuphakamisa noma kwezinye izinkinga zokuphakamisa.
Isisistemu sesakhiwo esihlanganisiweyo kumashini emilinga yomlando ayithatha imithwalo yomlando ngqo ekhophini, kubhekisa ukuthi akukho inzuzo yokususa okunye nokusebenzisa imithwalo. Lokhu kunciphisa inombolo yamashini amahlanu nezinkampani ezidingekayo emkhakheni, futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza. Umshini wemilinga yomlando onemithwalo yokuqinisa amandla ayincipha izinkinga zokugcinwa kwemvelo nezokuphepha kwabantu, kuvuselela imikhakha yemkhakheni futhi kunciphisa izinkinga zokulandela izimpendulo zokugcinwa. Ukunako kokuthintela ubude bomlinga kuvumela ukuthi kuthathelwe isilayi esifanayo, okuyisisekelo sokufinyelela ubude obuhle bokuphakanyiswa kanye nokusebenza kwezindawo zokuphakanyiswa ngemva kwezinsuku.
Ukuncipha kwesikhathi sokuphakanyiswa kanye nezinkinga zokusebenzisa abantu
Imishini yokuqondisa emhlabeni embi iyakunceda abaprojekthi ukugcina izikhathi zokususa kusho kakhulu, okuyakuphinda ukuthuthukisa isikhathi sokuphela kweprojekthi yonke futhi ukunciphisa izindleko zokufuna imali kumaprojekthi aphakathi kwezinsuku eziningi. Izindleko zokusebenza zizocincipha kusho kakhulu ngoba umsebenzisi weshini yokuqondisa emhlabeni embi nokuhleli kwezinye izindawo zokusekwa ziyakwenza lokho okungazange kube yisimo sokubhekana nezindawo eziningi noma izindleko zokusebenza ngendlela yomuntu. Lokhu kucincipha kwezindawo zokusebenza kuyakuphinda ukunciphisa izindleko zokuvuma, ukunciphisa izinkinga zokuvuma kwezinkampani zokuvuma, nokuthuthukisa izindleko zokuphepha kwesite. Kuma-municipalities noma kubaprojekthi obahleli amaprojekthi amaningi ngokuzimangalisayo, izikhathi zokuthuthukisa okunikezwa ngumshini wokuqondisa emhlabeni embi kuyakunceda ukuthi izithili zisebenziswe ngokufanele kuma-site ayingasinga.
Ukuhlakanipha Kwemil environment nasekuthuthukiseni
Ukuthuthukisa Imikhiyala Yokuqondisa Emhlabeni Nokuthuthukisa I-LEED
Imishini yokuqondisa emhlabeni isihloko esifanayo nesikhundla sokugcina umhlaba futhi izinkampani zokuhlela izindawo ezimbi. Ukunakwa kwezinto eziqondiswayo nokuzibalwa kwezinto eziqondiswayo kusiza ekufumeleni kwemithombo yaseLEED okuhlanganisa nezinto eziyabuyiselwa futhi ziyahlinzeka, ngakho ke yilokhu okuhambisana nokuthanda kwezindawo zezomnotho nezindawo zokuthengisa ezizama ukufumela imithombo yokugcina umhlaba. Imishini yokuqondisa emhlabeni iyanciphisa indawo yomkhumbu wokuphatha izinto ezingenakwaziyo, ukuthumela kanye nokuprosesa. Ngokwenza izinto eziyabuyiselwa kule ndawo, imishini yokuqondisa emhlabeni iyanciphisa ukuthumela amakhombe kuma-fasiliti okubuyisela emaphakathini akhulu futhi iyanciphisa umkhumbu wokuphatha kwezindawo zokubeka izinto ezimbi.
Ukunciphisa izinto ezingenakwaziyo futhi ukuzihlinza kuma-landfill
Imishini yokuqondisa emhlabeni iyathintela ngokupheleleyo izinto ezingavaliyo zase-aspalti kuma-landfill, kusukela ekuthinteleni imithetho yamandla nezinkinga zokuvumela kwezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu ngokuphatha izinto ezingavaliyo. Izinto ezihlanganiswe ngemishini yokuqondisa emhlabeni zingahlanzwa ngaphandle kokugwala kwezinhlobo zokugwala, kusukela ekunikezeni umlando wokusebenzisa noma ukuthengisa kusasa. Amagunya okulawula ayagwala kakhulu izindlela njengezimishini zokuqondisa emhlabeni ebonisa ukuthi sibonakalisa ukuthintela amandla nokuphatha izinto ezingavaliyo ngokupheleleyo. Umsebenzisi wemishini yokuqondisa emhlabeni uyakwenza isenzo sokuthintela izinhlobo zokugwala kwezindawo zakhe, futhi uyabuka isibindi sokuthinta izinhlobo zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo esebenzisa izinkampani nezinkampani ezinomthetho wokubona ukuthi izinhlobo zokusebenza ziyasiza izinhlobo zokugwala.
Izisikhangeli sezinkundla zokuphatha amandla kwezinkundla zokukhupha emhlabeni esihlukileyo zikhulisa ubunzima bezinye yezindawo eziphakeme, kubeka ukuthi kungabikho iziphumo ezinconywa ngabantu basekhaya nezinkundla zokuhlonipha. Izinkundla zokukhupha emhlabeni zilahlela ukuthi kubhekwe isithakazelo sokushisa kunezinkundla zokuvula ngamandla okushisa nokuvula ngamandla okushisa, kubonakalisa ukuthi iziprojekthi zingasebenza ngeminyaka eyinkulu ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwe isithakazelo sokushisa kwezindawo eziphakeme. Lezi zibopho zokugcina izinsiza ziyakha ubunzima obuyintloko yokusebenza ngokuthi zilahlela ukuthi kubhekwe isithakazelo sokushisa, zilahlela ukuthi kubhekwe isithakazelo sokushisa kwezinkundla zokufaka isithakazelo, futhi zibhala ubunzima obuyintloko lwabantu abayisebenzisa kwezindawo eziphakeme ngokwesibonelo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ukuphatha kwezinkundla zokukhupha emhlabeni kuzoba yini ukuphatha kwesinye sesikhathi?
Imishini yokukhupha emhlabeni ingathola ubude bomphakathi phakathi kwezinkulungwane ezingu-6 kuqala, ngokubanzi, ngokuphakamisa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zemishini nezindawo zokusebenza. Umsebenzisi angathintela ubude bakukhupha ngokuchaza kakhulu, okunika umlando wokuthintela amaphakathi athile ngokuvamile ngokuthi abe nesikhundla esisodwa emhlabeni. Amashini amaningi asebenzayo okukhupha emhlabeni ayinikeza izifunda zokuhlanza ubude ezihlanganisa ubude bokukhupha konke, okunika ubude obuyintle kokukhupha emhlabeni ngokugcina isikhundla sokufaka isikhundla esilandelayo noma ukwenza kabusha.
Ngaba imishini yokukhupha emhlabeni ingasebenza emazulwini noma eminyakeni yomkhonto?
Umbhali wokuphatha amaphuzu angasebenza ngemiphumela emihle kunezindlela zokuphatha amaphuzu ngendlela yezindaba zomhlaba, kodwa izimo zokuphakama kungahlinzeki ukuthi kufanele kubuyekezwe isistimu yokujabula inkambu. Umbhali wokuphatha amaphuzu ongasebenza ngemvavanyo wokushisa amaphuzu nesistimu esihle sokuphatha amanzi singasebenza ngemvavanyo wokushisa, kodwa amaphuzu okushiswa kungalibhekise inkambu yokuphatha ngokulingana nokusebenza ngemvavanyo wokushisa. Abasebenzi bafanele ukubuka imithombo yomthengisi nokwakhiwa kwesikhathi ukuze bafunde izinkinga zokusebenza ngeminyaka futhi nezinkambo zokuguqula izinkambo zokusebenza ngokwesikhathi.
Kuphi ukuthenga umbhali wokuphatha amaphuzu?
Umsebenzisi wemashini yokukhupha emhlanjeni kusobala ukuthi uyathola phakathi kwe-$45 kunye ne-$70 ngohora ngokwesikhundla, ubuchwepheshe bokwenzeka, nokuthi yisiphi isikhundla sokusebenza, nokuthi yisiphi isikhundla sokuthengiswa kwemithombo. Uma kubhekwa kuzo zonke izindlela zokuthinteka kwezindlela zokuthinteka kwezinto eziphatha kakhulu, ukunciphisa izimpahla zokusebenza, nokugcina isikhathi esincane, izimiso zokuthengiswa zomsebenzisi ziyathola isiqingatha esincane sokuthinteka kwezizwele. Amaphoyisa amaningi okuthengiswa kwemithombo ayithenga umsebenzisi wemashini kumaphoyisa ayo, okuhlinzekile ukuthi kufuneka kuthengiswe umsebenzisi wemashini futhi kunciphisa ukuthi kubhekwe kumaphoyisa amaningi okuthengiswa kwezinto ezifana nezinkambo zezindaba zokuthengiswa.