Imishini Yokupakisha Kwesibonelo Esiphambili - Izinkampani Zokufaka Isibonelo Esingaphansi Ngokuphelele

Umshini wokwakha izisekelo uqukethe ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu be-hydraulic obuletha ukusebenza okuphezulu nokwethenjelwa kwezicelo zokwakha ezifuna kakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo eziphambili ze-hydraulic zikhiqiza amandla amakhulu kuyilapho zigcina ukulawula okuqondile kuzo zonke izici zokufakwa kwe-pile. Amandla e-hydraulic avumela opharetha ukuba balungise ingcindezi namazinga okugeleza ngokuqhubekayo ngokusekelwe ezimweni zomhlabathi zesikhathi sangempela nezidingo ze-pile. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokufakwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomsebenzi kusuka kubumba oluthambile kuya ekubunjweni kwamadwala aminyene. Izinhlelo ze-hydraulic zomshini wokubeka izisekelo zinezifunda eziningi ezizimele ezivumela ukusebenza ngasikhathi sinye kwemisebenzi ehlukene, okwandisa umkhiqizo jikelele nokunciphisa izikhathi zomjikelezo. Amaphampu okuhamba okuguquguqukayo alungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla ukuze ahambisane nezidingo zokusebenza, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli ngenkathi kugcinwa amazinga aphezulu okusebenza. Umklamo we-hydraulic-loop evaliwe unciphisa izingozi zokungcola futhi wandise isikhathi sokusebenza kwezingxenye ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlunga ezithuthukile. Izinhlelo zokulawula izinga lokushisa zigcina izimo ezifanele ze-hydraulic fluid ngisho nangesikhathi sokusebenza eside, zivimbele ukwehla kokusebenza nokulimala kwezingxenye. Amakhono okuvala okuphuthumayo avikela kokubili imishini nabasebenza ngokuvula ngokuzenzakalelayo izinhlelo zokuphepha lapho amapharamitha e-hydraulic edlula imingcele yokusebenza ephephile. Umshini wokubeka izisekelo uzuza ekuqapheni ingcindezi eyinkimbinkimbi evimbela ukucindezelwa ngokweqile kuyilapho kuqinisekiswa ukunikezwa kwamandla okwanele ekufakweni okunzima. Amasekethe e-hydraulic avuselelayo abamba futhi asebenzise amandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuthile, athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli futhi anciphise izindleko zokusebenza. Umklamo we-hydraulic modular wenza kube lula ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungisa nokulungisa, kunciphise isikhathi sokuphumula kwemishini nokulibaziseka okuhlobene nomsebenzi. Abasebenza ngomshini bayazazisa izinsiza-kulawula eziphendulayo ezihumusha imiyalo engenayo zibe ukunyakaza kwemishini okuqondile, okwenza kube lula ukubeka izitaki ngokunembile ngisho nasezindaweni zomsebenzi ezixineneyo. Ukuthembeka kohlelo lwe-hydraulic kuholela ngqo empumelelweni yephrojekthi, njengoba ukunikezwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukuqedwa komsebenzi wesisekelo ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yesikhathi ehleliwe kanye nezingqinamba zesabelomali.

Imishini yanamuhla yokwakha izisekelo ihlanganisa izinhlelo zokulawula zobuchwepheshe obuphambili eziguqula kakhulu ukunemba kokufakwa kwezindunduma kanye nemibhalo yephrojekthi. Ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha obuhlakaniphile buqhubeka nokulandelela amapharamitha wokufaka abalulekile kubandakanya ukumelana nokungena, ukujula kwe-pile, ukuvundiswa, kanye nesilinganiso sokufakwa kulo lonke umjikelezo wokufakwa kwe-pile. Lokhu kuqoqwa kwedatha okuphelele kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ngesikhathi sangempela futhi kwakha amarekhodi okufakwa anemininingwane yokuqinisekisa ubuchwepheshe nokuhambisana nemithetho. Izinhlelo zokulawula imishini yokwakha izisekelo zinezixhumi ezibonakalayo ezibonisa idatha yokufaka ngamafomethi we-graphical ahunyushwa kalula, okuvumela opharetha ukuba benze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka. Ubuchwepheshe bokubeka indawo be-GPS buqinisekisa ukubekwa ngokunembile kwezindunduma ngokuvumelana nemidwebo yokwakha, kuqede amaphutha okuhlela okungase kulimaze ukuqina kwesakhiwo noma kudinge ukulungiswa okubizayo. Amakhono okuqopha idatha okuzenzakalelayo enza imibiko yokufaka ephelele eqopha zonke izici zokufakwa kwe-pile, enikeza ulwazi olubalulekile lokulawula ikhwalithi kanye nokuhlolwa kwesikhathi esizayo. Ukuxhumeka okungenantambo kuvumela ukuqapha kude ukusebenza komshini wokubeka izisekelo kusuka emahhovisi wephrojekthi noma kumadivayisi eselula, okwenza abaphathi bakwazi ukuqapha imishini eminingi ngasikhathi sinye ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuqapha okuningiliziwe kwekhwalithi yokufaka. Izici zokugcinwa kwezinto kusengaphambili zilawula ukusebenza kwezingxenye futhi zixwayise opharetha ngezinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukwehluleka, kunciphise isikhathi sokuphumula esingalindelekile nezindleko zokulungisa. Izinhlelo zokuqapha umthwalo zivimbela ukulimala kwemishini ngokuyeka ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho amandla edlula imingcele yokusebenza ephephile, evikela kokubili umshini wokubeka izisekelo nezinsika ezifakiwe ekulimaleni. Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula buhlanganisa amapharamitha okufaka angahlelekile avumela opharetha ukuba benze kahle ukusebenza komshini ngezinhlobo ezithile zezinqwaba nezimo zenhlabathi. Amaphrothokholi okuxhumana edijithali avumela ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlelo zokuphatha ukwakhiwa, okwenza kube lula ukugeleza kolwazi olungenamthungo emaqenjini omsebenzi. Isixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula sinciphisa izidingo zokuqeqesha opharetha ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi opharetha abanolwazi abangakusebenzisa ukuze bathole umkhiqizo omkhulu nekhwalithi yokufaka.

Imishini yokupakisha amasiko ayatholakala ngokukhulu kakhulu ngokwenzela ukuthi yisebenze ngemithodo eminingi yokufaka ngokusebenzisa imishini eyafanayo nokusebenza ngemithodo eyahlukahlukene. Lokhu kubonakalisa ukuthi akukho inzuzo yokubheka imishini eminingi eyasebenza ngokuphelele emaphakathi, okunquma izindleko zemishini futhi ishusha ukulawula kwezintu zomsebenzi ngokuhambisana nokuthi yenza ubukhulu bokufaka ngokuphelele kuzinye izinkinga zamasiko. Imishini yokupakisha amasiko iyakwamukela ukufaka amasiko okupakishwa ngokusebenzisa imithodo eminingi yokupakisha, njengokupakisha ngokusebenzisa ihamma le-diesel, ihamma le-hydraulic, noma ihamma le-vibratory, okuyakwenzelwa ngokubhekana nezinto ezifakwa kumasiko, izimo zomhlaba, kanye nezinkinga zomsho wokupakisha. Kukusiza ekufakweni kwamasiko okuphakanyiswa (drilled shaft), imishini iyagqibela ukuba yisikhundla sokuphakanya ngokuphelele esikwenzela ukudala amasiko okuphakanyiswa okunquma ukuthi aqondwe ngokuphelele kanye nokuthi abe ngokuphelele kwezinye izindawo. Ukusebenza ngokuphakanya ngokuphakanyiswa kwe-continuous flight auger kusiza ekufakweni kwamasiko okufakwa ngokuphakanyiswa (cast-in-place piles) ngokuphakanya ngokuphakanyiswa kanye nokufaka kwemithombo yemithombo, okunquma ukuthi kubhekwe izimo zomhlaba kanye nokuphakanyiswa kwesikhathi sokufaka. Ukufaka kwamasiko amancane (micropile) kusiza ngokusebenzisa imishini eyodwa ekuhlangeneni kokuphakanya kanye nokugrout ngokuphelele kwezindawo ezingaqondi kakhulu kuphela, apho imishini eyasebenza ngokuphelele ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokuphelele. Imishini yokupakisha amasiko iyasebenza ngokuphelele ekufakweni kwamasiko okupakishwa ngokuphakanyiswa (displacement pile) ngokusebenzisa imishini yokupakisha eyodwa ekuhlangeneni kokupakisha okunquma ukuthi kubhekwe ukuphakanyiswa kanye nokuphakanyiswa kwezinkomo, okunquma ukuthi kubhekwe ubukhulu bokuphakanyiswa kwezinkomo ngokuphakanyiswa kwezinkomo. Ukufaka kwamasiko okuphakanyiswa kwe-helical pier kusiza ekuboniseni kwezinkinga zamasiko okuphakanyiswa kanye nokubonisa ukuthi kunezinkinga zamasiko okuphakanyiswa kwezindawo ezingaqondi kakhulu kuphela, apho imithodo eyasebenza ngokuphelele ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokuphelele. Imishini yokuguqula ngokushesha imishini yokufaka kusiza ekuguquleni ngokushesha phakathi kwezithakazelo zokufaka, okunquma ukuthi kubhekwe ukusebenzisa imishini ngokuphelele kanye nokuphakanyiswa kwesikhathi sokusebenza. Ishesho lokufaka lonke lisiza ngokusebenzisa imishini eyodwa yokuphakanya kanye nokulawula, okunquma ukuthi kubhekwe ubukhulu bokuphakanya ngokuphelele ngokuphakanyiswa kwezithakazelo zokufaka. Imishini yokupakisha amasiko iyasebenza ngokuphelele kuzinye izithakazelo zokufaka ngokusebenzisa iziphakamiso zokusebenza ezifanayo eziphakamisa ukuthi kubhekwe ubukhulu bokuphakanya, ukuthi kubhekwe ubukhulu bokuphakanya, kanye nokuthi kubhekwe ubukhulu bokuphakanya ngokuphelele kuzinye izithakazelo zokufaka. Lokhu kubonakalisa ukuthi imishini yokupakisha amasiko yisikhundla esihluke kakhulu kubantu abasebenza ngokuphelele kwezinkinga zamasiko okuphakanyiswa kwezindawo ezingaqondi kakhulu kuphela, apho kunezinkinga zamasiko okuphakanyiswa kwezindawo ezingaqondi kakhulu kuphela.